Abstract
Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production has greatly reduced the soil erosion potential in these systems, but relies heavily on herbicides to manage weeds. Overreliance on herbicides can lead to the development of herbicide‐resistant weed communities and increase the risk of ground and surface water contamination by residual herbicides. This study evaluates the integration of various mechanical soil/weed management implements and herbicide programs for surface residue cover, weed control, corn productivity, and economic net returns. A pre‐plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn down herbicide program, but reduced surface residue cover by 15% compared to the no‐till check treatments. The high residue rotary hoe had little effect on surface residue cover, but provided inconsistent early‐season weed control. The high residue inter‐row cultivator resulted in 23% residue cover compared to 50% in the no‐till treatments, but reduced weed biomass by 53% without any supplemental residual herbicides and 88% with a banded residual herbicide compared to the weedy check treatment. Crop productivity and net return data suggest that integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide program could reduce herbicide ai rates by 70% and still achieve similar corn yields and economic returns as the herbicide intensive systems. Such integrated mechanical‐chemical systems will increase the crop management complexity for farmers, which may hinder adoption. Soil erosion potential of the integrated systems requires further in‐depth evaluation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
The pre-plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow reduced surface residue cover by 15% compared with the no-till check treatments.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- pre‐plant vertical coulter/rotary harrowe1
- Outcome
- surface residue covere2
- Direction
- reducede2
- Value
- 15%e2
- Comparator
- no‐till check treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e1“A pre‐plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn down herbicide program”
e2“but reduced surface residue cover by 15% compared to the no‐till check treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The pre-plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn-down herbicide program.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- pre‐plant vertical coulter/rotary harrowe1
- Outcome
- control small annual weedse1
- Direction
- tended to controle1
- Comparator
- standard burn down herbicide programe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e1“A pre‐plant vertical coulter/rotary harrow tended to control small annual weeds as well as a standard burn down herbicide program”
Claim · model-written summary
The high residue rotary hoe had little effect on surface residue cover.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high residue rotary hoee3
- Outcome
- surface residue covere3
- Direction
- had little effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e3“The high residue rotary hoe had little effect on surface residue cover, but provided inconsistent early‐season weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
The high residue rotary hoe gave inconsistent early-season weed control.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high residue rotary hoee3
- Outcome
- early‐season weed controle3
- Direction
- inconsistente3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e3“The high residue rotary hoe had little effect on surface residue cover, but provided inconsistent early‐season weed control”
Claim · model-written summary
The high residue inter-row cultivator left 23% residue cover, versus 50% in the no-till treatments.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high residue inter‐row cultivatore4
- Outcome
- residue covere4
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede4
- Value
- 23%e4
- Comparator
- no‐till treatmentse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e4“The high residue inter‐row cultivator resulted in 23% residue cover compared to 50% in the no‐till treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
The high residue inter-row cultivator reduced weed biomass by 53% without supplemental residual herbicides, compared with the weedy check.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- high residue inter‐row cultivatore4
- Outcome
- weed biomasse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 53%e5
- Qualifier
- without any supplemental residual herbicidese5
- Comparator
- weedy check treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e4“The high residue inter‐row cultivator resulted in 23% residue cover compared to 50% in the no‐till treatments”
e5“reduced weed biomass by 53% without any supplemental residual herbicides and 88% with a banded residual herbicide compared to the weedy check treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
A banded residual herbicide reduced weed biomass by 88% compared with the weedy check.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- banded residual herbicidee5
- Outcome
- weed biomasse5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Value
- 88%e5
- Comparator
- weedy check treatmente5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e5“reduced weed biomass by 53% without any supplemental residual herbicides and 88% with a banded residual herbicide compared to the weedy check treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated mechanical-chemical program could reduce herbicide active ingredient rates by 70%.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide programe6
- Outcome
- herbicide ai ratese6
- Direction
- reducee6
- Value
- 70%e6
- Comparator
- herbicide intensive systemse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e6“integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide program could reduce herbicide ai rates by 70% and still achieve similar corn yields and economic returns as the herbicide intensive systems”
Claim · model-written summary
The integrated mechanical-chemical program gave corn yields and economic returns similar to the herbicide-intensive systems.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide programe6
- Outcome
- corn yields and economic returnse6
- Direction
- similare6
- Comparator
- herbicide intensive systemse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservation tillage for corn ( Zea mays L.) production”
e6“integrating the vertical coulter/rotary harrow, high residue cultivator, and banded residual herbicide program could reduce herbicide ai rates by 70% and still achieve similar corn yields and economic returns as the herbicide intensive systems”
The same questions in other papers
herbicide · molecular: metabolites · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
27 papers more in this group
See all 31 papers →herbicide · weed · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
359 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction · 10 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- positive
- positive
402 papers more in this group
See all 406 papers →herbicide · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
150 papers in the same direction as this paper · 500 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
647 papers more in this group
See all 651 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.