Paper · 1987 · PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Fructose 2,6-Bisphosphate, Carbohydrate Partitioning, and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism

T. Fahrendorf; Joseph A. M. Holtum; U. Mukherjee; et al.

13
claims
19
verbatim quotes
47
citations
1
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F 2,6-P(2)) was detected in the CAM species, Ananas comosus and Bryophyllum tubiflorum, and in C(3)- and CAM-Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. In both Mesembryanthemum tissues, F 2,6-P(2) was located outside the chloroplast. The levels of F 2,6-P(2), malate, starch, or soluble sugars were measured during various periods during the day-night cycle in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment, and in Bryophyllum, a species which stores carbon as starch in the chloroplast. In both species, the levels of F 2,6-P(2) were correlated with the stages of the day-night CAM cycle. Immediately following the dark-light transition the F 2,6-P(2) levels exhibited a rapid transient increase followed by a decrease. F 2,6-P(2) reached a daily minimum soon after the onset of deacidification and remained low until the malic acid pools approached their daily minima; the levels of F 2,6-P(2) then began a slow increase which accelerated during the period of afternoon CO(2) uptake. Immediately following the light-dark transition F 2,6-P(2) levels fluctuated. The levels were usually low after the fluctuations had ceased. The pools then increased as the rate of malate synthesis increased, remained at relatively constant high levels when the rates of malate synthesis were constant, and decreased as malate synthesis decreased towards the end of the dark period. The absolute levels of F 2,6-P(2) were always higher in Ananas than in Bryophyllum. The ratios of the activity of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate l-phosphotransferase to cytoplasmic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and to phosphofructokinase were also far higher in Ananas than in Bryophyllum or in C(3)- or CAM-Mesembryanthemum.

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Claims 13

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was detected in Ananas comosus.

Taxon
Ananas comosusAnanas comosuse0
Compound
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatee0
Outcome
detectede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas comosus
Ananas comosus · TaxonVpuipV ,pemegang hak cipta · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F 2,6-P(2)) was detected in the CAM species, Ananas comosus and Bryophyllum tubiflorum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–113 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was detected in Bryophyllum tubiflorum.

Taxon
Bryophyllum tubiflorumKalanchoe delagoensise0
Compound
Fructose 2,6-bisphosphatee0
Outcome
detectede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Kalanchoe delagoensis
Kalanchoe delagoensis · TaxonDidier Descouens · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (F 2,6-P(2)) was detected in the CAM species, Ananas comosus and Bryophyllum tubiflorum”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–113 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was detected in C3 and CAM Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.

Taxon
Mesembryanthemum crystallinumMesembryanthemum crystallinume0
Outcome
CAM-Mesembryanthemum crystallinume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Mesembryanthemum crystallinum
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum · TaxonYummifruitbat · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“and in C(3)- and CAM-Mesembryanthemum crystallinum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 115–166 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In both Mesembryanthemum tissues, F 2,6-P(2) was outside chloroplasts.

Taxon
MesembryanthemumMesembryanthemume0
Organ / stage
chloroplaste0
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
located outside the chloroplaste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Mesembryanthemum
Mesembryanthemum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Tigerente · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In both Mesembryanthemum tissues, F 2,6-P(2) was located outside the chloroplast.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 167–248 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) levels correlated with stages of the day-night CAM cycle in both Ananas and Bryophyllum.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Organ / stage
stages of the day-night CAM cyclee0
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
levels of F 2,6-P(2)e0
Direction
correlatede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In both species, the levels of F 2,6-P(2) were correlated with the stages of the day-night CAM cycle.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 552–653 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) rose rapidly then fell after dark-to-light transition.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
F 2,6-P(2) levelse0
Direction
rapid transient increase followed by a decreasee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Immediately following the dark-light transition the F 2,6-P(2) levels exhibited a rapid transient increase followed by a decrease.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 654–784 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) reached a minimum after deacidification began and stayed low until malic acid approached its minimum.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Direction
remained lowe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“F 2,6-P(2) reached a daily minimum soon after the onset of deacidification and remained low until the malic acid pools approached their daily minima”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 785–933 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) increased later, accelerating during afternoon carbon uptake.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
levels of F 2,6-P(2)e0
Direction
slow increasee0
Qualifier
afternoon CO(2) uptakee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the levels of F 2,6-P(2) then began a slow increase which accelerated during the period of afternoon CO(2) uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 935–1049 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After light-to-dark transition, F 2,6-P(2) fluctuated and then was usually low.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
F 2,6-P(2) levelse0
Direction
fluctuatede0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Immediately following the light-dark transition F 2,6-P(2) levels fluctuated. The levels were usually low after the fluctuations had ceased.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1190 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmixedmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) pools rose with malate synthesis, stayed high when synthesis was constant, then fell as synthesis waned.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase1
Compound
malatee0
Outcome
poolse0
Direction
increasede0
Qualifier
towards the end of the dark periode0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The pools then increased as the rate of malate synthesis increased, remained at relatively constant high levels when the rates of malate synthesis were constant, and decreased as malate synthesis decreased towards the end of the dark period.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1191–1432 · show in text ↑
e1

“in the leaves of Ananas, a species which stores carbohydrate in an extrachloroplastic compartment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 373–470 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

F 2,6-P(2) levels were always higher in Ananas than Bryophyllum.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase0
Compound
F 2,6-P(2)e0
Outcome
absolute levels of F 2,6-P(2)e0
Direction
highere0
Comparator
Bryophyllume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The absolute levels of F 2,6-P(2) were always higher in Ananas than in Bryophyllum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1433–1516 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The ratio of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase to cytoplasmic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity was far higher in Ananas.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase0
Gene
pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate l-phosphotransferasee0
Outcome
ratios of the activitye0
Direction
far highere0
Comparator
Bryophyllume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The ratios of the activity of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate l-phosphotransferase to cytoplasmic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and to phosphofructokinase were also far higher in Ananas than in Bryophyllum or in C(3)- or CAM-Mesembryanthemum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1517–1760 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The ratio of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase to phosphofructokinase activity was far higher in Ananas.

Taxon
AnanasAnanase0
Gene
phosphofructokinasee0
Outcome
ratios of the activitye0
Direction
far highere0
Comparator
Bryophyllume0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Ananas
Ananas · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Forest Starr & Kim Starr · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The ratios of the activity of pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate l-phosphotransferase to cytoplasmic fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and to phosphofructokinase were also far higher in Ananas than in Bryophyllum or in C(3)- or CAM-Mesembryanthemum.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1517–1760 · show in text ↑