Paper · 1985 · Microbiology

Circumstantial Evidence for Phytoalexin Involvement in the Resistance of Peanuts to Aspergillus flavus

H. R. WOTTON; R. N. STRANGE

11
claims
20
verbatim quotes
47
citations
2
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Three stilbene phytoalexins, elicited by slicing and incubating imbibed peanut kernels under aerobic conditions, inhibited spore germination and hyphal extension of Aspergillus flavus with ED50 values in the range 4.9-12.8 micrograms ml-1. Phytoalexin yield was dependent on cultivar, conditions and duration of incubation after slicing, and crop history. The yield of phytoalexin from ten cultivars studied, after slicing and incubating at 25 degrees C for 24 h, ranged from 28 to 935 micrograms per g fresh weight and was negatively correlated with dry kernel colonization by A. flavus [r = -0.868 when plotted as 1n (phytoalexin concn) against 1n (percentage peanut colonization)]. When the incubation period was extended to 96 h there was no such correlation. Reduced phytoalexin yields were obtained when sliced kernels of one cultivar studied were incubated in water or at 37 degrees C, and no phytoalexin was obtained when the slices were incubated under nitrogen gas or frozen before aerobic incubation. Drought stress during pod development in four cultivars studied reduced phytoalexin yields of sliced kernels incubated at 25 degrees C for 24 h by 17-65% compared with non-stressed controls.

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Claims 11

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Three peanut stilbene phytoalexins inhibited Aspergillus flavus spore germination at ED50 values of 4.9–12.8 micrograms ml-1.

Organ / stage
kernelse0
Interactor
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
spore germinatione0
Direction
inhibitede0
Value
4.9-12.8 micrograms ml-1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Three stilbene phytoalexins, elicited by slicing and incubating imbibed peanut kernels under aerobic conditions, inhibited spore germination and hyphal extension of Aspergillus flavus with ED50 values in the range 4.9-12.8 micrograms ml-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–238 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The peanut phytoalexins inhibited Aspergillus flavus hyphal extension at ED50 values of 4.9–12.8 micrograms ml-1.

Interactor
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
hyphal extension of Aspergillus flavuse0
Direction
inhibitede0
Value
4.9-12.8 micrograms ml-1e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“inhibited spore germination and hyphal extension of Aspergillus flavus with ED50 values in the range 4.9-12.8 micrograms ml-1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 113–238 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Peanut phytoalexin yield varied with cultivar, incubation conditions and duration, and crop history.

Material
cultivare0
Outcome
Phytoalexin yielde0
Qualifier
conditions and duration of incubation after slicing, and crop historye0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Phytoalexin yield was dependent on cultivar, conditions and duration of incubation after slicing, and crop history”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 240–354 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ten peanut cultivars yielded 28 to 935 micrograms per g fresh weight of phytoalexin after slicing and incubation.

Outcome
yield of phytoalexine0
Value
28 to 935 micrograms per g fresh weighte0
Qualifier
25 degrees C for 24 he0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The yield of phytoalexin from ten cultivars studied, after slicing and incubating at 25 degrees C for 24 h, ranged from 28 to 935 micrograms per g fresh weight”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 356–515 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Peanut phytoalexin yield was negatively correlated with Aspergillus flavus dry-kernel colonization after 24 hours.

Organ / stage
dry kernele0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
dry kernel colonization by A. flavuse0
Direction
negatively correlatede0
Value
r = -0.868e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“was negatively correlated with dry kernel colonization by A. flavus [r = -0.868 when plotted as 1n (phytoalexin concn) against 1n (percentage peanut colonization)]”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–683 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The peanut phytoalexin yield and Aspergillus flavus colonization correlation was absent after 96 hours of incubation.

Outcome
correlatione0
Qualifier
96 he0

Not reportedInteractorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“When the incubation period was extended to 96 h there was no such correlation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 685–762 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Incubation in water reduced peanut phytoalexin yield.

Treatment
incubated in watere0
Outcome
phytoalexin yieldse0
Direction
Reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Reduced phytoalexin yields were obtained when sliced kernels of one cultivar studied were incubated in water or at 37 degrees C”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 764–891 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Incubation at 37 degrees C reduced peanut phytoalexin yield.

Treatment
37 degrees Ce0
Outcome
phytoalexin yieldse0
Direction
Reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Reduced phytoalexin yields were obtained when sliced kernels of one cultivar studied were incubated in water or at 37 degrees C”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 764–891 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen gas incubation prevented peanut phytoalexin production.

Treatment
nitrogen gase0
Outcome
no phytoalexin was obtainede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“no phytoalexin was obtained when the slices were incubated under nitrogen gas or frozen before aerobic incubation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 897–1010 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Freezing before aerobic incubation prevented peanut phytoalexin production.

Treatment
frozen before aerobic incubatione0
Outcome
no phytoalexin was obtainede0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“no phytoalexin was obtained when the slices were incubated under nitrogen gas or frozen before aerobic incubation”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 897–1010 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Pod-development drought reduced peanut phytoalexin yields by 17–65% relative to non-stressed controls.

Treatment
Drought stress during pod developmente0
Outcome
phytoalexin yieldse0
Direction
reducede0
Value
17-65%e0
Comparator
non-stressed controlse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Arachis hypogaea
Arachis hypogaea · Taxon葉子 · CC0 · iNaturalist ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Drought stress during pod development in four cultivars studied reduced phytoalexin yields of sliced kernels incubated at 25 degrees C for 24 h by 17-65% compared with non-stressed controls”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1012–1201 · show in text ↑
t0

“Peanuts”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 73–80 · show in text ↑

drought · yield · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Results differ

79 papers: 24 positive, 55 negative or no effect

54 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
    Groundnut experienced lower drought-induced yield reduction than cowpea and green gram.

    Global Synthesis of Drought Effects on Food Legume Production · 2015 · compared with legumes such as cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and green gram (Vigna radiate)

    Opposite direction

  2. positive
  3. positive

75 papers more in this group

See all 79 papers →

nitrogen · molecular: metabolites · Arachis hypogaea (peanut)Positive and negative results

9 papers: 7 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 7 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

5 papers more in this group

See all 9 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.