Abstract
The effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 0.4 W m-2) irradiance and nickel (Ni, 0.01, 0.10 and 1.00 mM; Ni0.01, Ni0.10, Ni1.00, respectively) treatment, singly and in combination, on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated. Ni0.10 and Ni1.00 and UV-B declined the growth and chlorophyll content, which were further reduced following combined exposure. Contrary to this, Ni0.01 stimulated growth, however, the effect together with UV-B was inhibitory. Carotenoids showed varied response to both the stresses. Simultaneous exposure of UV-B and Ni as well as UV-B alone reduced the activities of photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) and whole chain activity significantly, while Ni individually, besides strongly inhibiting PS2 and whole chain activity, stimulated the PS1 activity. Both the stresses, alone and together, enhanced the contents of superoxide radical (O2⋅-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and proline content, while ascorbate content declined over control. Individual treatments increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but Ni1.00 declined SOD activity significantly. Combined exposure exhibited similar response, however, CAT activity declined even more than in control. Compared to individual effects of UV-B and Ni, the simultaneous exposure resulted in strong inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport and excessive accumulation of ROS, thereby causing severe damage to soybean seedlings.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Ni0.10 and Ni1.00 declined soybean growth and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- Ni0.10 and Ni1.00e1
- Outcome
- growth and chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- declinede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e1“Ni0.10 and Ni1.00 and UV-B declined the growth and chlorophyll content, which were further reduced following combined exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B declined soybean growth and chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- UV-Be1
- Outcome
- growth and chlorophyll contente1
- Direction
- declinede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e1“Ni0.10 and Ni1.00 and UV-B declined the growth and chlorophyll content, which were further reduced following combined exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni0.01 stimulated soybean growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Ni0.01e2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- stimulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e2“Contrary to this, Ni0.01 stimulated growth, however, the effect together with UV-B was inhibitory”
Claim · model-written summary
Together with UV-B, the Ni0.01 effect on soybean growth was inhibitory.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- together with UV-Be2
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitorye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e2“Contrary to this, Ni0.01 stimulated growth, however, the effect together with UV-B was inhibitory”
Claim · model-written summary
Carotenoids in soybean seedlings showed a varied response to both stresses.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Carotenoidse3
- Qualifier
- varied responsee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e3“Carotenoids showed varied response to both the stresses”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B alone significantly reduced the activities of photosystems 1 and 2 and whole chain activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- UV-B alonee4
- Outcome
- activities of photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) and whole chain activitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e4“Simultaneous exposure of UV-B and Ni as well as UV-B alone reduced the activities of photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) and whole chain activity significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous UV-B and Ni exposure significantly reduced the activities of photosystems 1 and 2 and whole chain activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Simultaneous exposure of UV-B and Nie4
- Outcome
- activities of photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) and whole chain activitye4
- Direction
- reducede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e4“Simultaneous exposure of UV-B and Ni as well as UV-B alone reduced the activities of photosystems 1 and 2 (PS1 and PS2) and whole chain activity significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni alone strongly inhibited PS2 and whole chain activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Ni individuallye5
- Outcome
- PS2 and whole chain activitye5
- Direction
- inhibitinge5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e5“Ni individually, besides strongly inhibiting PS2 and whole chain activity, stimulated the PS1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni alone stimulated PS1 activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Ni individuallye5
- Outcome
- PS1 activitye5
- Direction
- stimulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e5“Ni individually, besides strongly inhibiting PS2 and whole chain activity, stimulated the PS1 activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Both stresses, alone and together, enhanced superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents in soybean compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Both the stresses, alone and togethere6
- Outcome
- superoxide radical (O2⋅-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA)e6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e6“Both the stresses, alone and together, enhanced the contents of superoxide radical (O2⋅-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and proline content, while ascorbate content declined over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Both stresses, alone and together, enhanced electrolyte leakage and proline content in soybean compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Both the stresses, alone and togethere6
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, and proline contente6
- Direction
- enhancede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e6“Both the stresses, alone and together, enhanced the contents of superoxide radical (O2⋅-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and proline content, while ascorbate content declined over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Both stresses, alone and together, declined ascorbate content in soybean compared with control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Both the stresses, alone and togethere6
- Outcome
- ascorbate contente6
- Direction
- declinede6
- Comparator
- controle6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e6“Both the stresses, alone and together, enhanced the contents of superoxide radical (O2⋅-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), electrolyte leakage, and proline content, while ascorbate content declined over control”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual stress treatments increased catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Individual treatmentse7
- Outcome
- activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e7“Individual treatments increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but Ni1.00 declined SOD activity significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Ni1.00 significantly declined SOD activity in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Ni1.00e7
- Outcome
- SOD activitye7
- Direction
- declinede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e7“Individual treatments increased the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), but Ni1.00 declined SOD activity significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined exposure declined CAT activity in soybean even more than control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Combined exposuree1
- Outcome
- CAT activitye1
- Direction
- declinede1
- Qualifier
- even moree1
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e1“Combined exposure exhibited similar response, however, CAT activity declined even more than in control”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous exposure strongly inhibited photosynthetic electron transport in soybean compared with individual UV-B and Ni effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- simultaneous exposuree2
- Outcome
- photosynthetic electron transporte2
- Direction
- strong inhibitione2
- Comparator
- individual effects of UV-B and Nie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e2“Compared to individual effects of UV-B and Ni, the simultaneous exposure resulted in strong inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport and excessive accumulation of ROS, thereby causing severe damage to soybean seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous exposure caused excessive accumulation of ROS in soybean compared with individual UV-B and Ni effects.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- simultaneous exposuree2
- Outcome
- accumulation of ROSe2
- Direction
- excessivee2
- Comparator
- individual effects of UV-B and Nie2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on growth, photosynthetic electron transport activity, the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and membrane leakage in soybean seedlings were evaluated”
e2“Compared to individual effects of UV-B and Ni, the simultaneous exposure resulted in strong inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport and excessive accumulation of ROS, thereby causing severe damage to soybean seedlings”
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