Abstract
The effects of whole-tree removal versus conventional sawlog harvest on 1 st-year regeneration in an upland mixed hardwood site were compared, and sprouting dynamics of species and stump size classes were described. Average sprout production for stumps sampled was greater after conventional harvest: stumps produced taller, denser, and more abundant sprouts. Although sample sizes were small, maximum heights of stump sprouts of Quercusprinus L., Quercusvelutina Lam., and Acerrubrum L. were greater on the conventionally harvested area, and sprouts of Liriodendrontulipifera L. and Oxydendrumarboreum (L.) DC. averaged taller after residue removal. However, most species produced more seedlings after residue removal. Differences were related to greater site disturbance with whole-tree harvest. Number of sprouts and biomass per stump showed a binomial-shaped distribution in relation to stump diameter across both treatments, with a maximum at about 30 cm. Biomass of grape (Vitis spp.) was least following whole-tree removal, but this may be related to site quality or the small size of the study area. Regression estimates of sprout dry weight as a function of height were used to estimate sprout production. Conservative estimates of total stump sprout biomass, excluding foliage, 1year after whole-tree removal averaged 433 kg/ha and after conventional harvest averaged 679 kg/ha.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Average sprout production was greater after conventional harvest than after whole-tree removal.
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e0“The effects of whole-tree removal versus conventional sawlog harvest on 1 st-year regeneration in an upland mixed hardwood site were compared”
e1“Average sprout production for stumps sampled was greater after conventional harvest: stumps produced taller, denser, and more abundant sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Stump sprouts were taller and denser after conventional harvest.
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e0“The effects of whole-tree removal versus conventional sawlog harvest on 1 st-year regeneration in an upland mixed hardwood site were compared”
e1“Average sprout production for stumps sampled was greater after conventional harvest: stumps produced taller, denser, and more abundant sprouts”
Claim · model-written summary
Most species produced more seedlings after residue removal.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e2“However, most species produced more seedlings after residue removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Total stump sprout biomass, excluding foliage, was 433 kg/ha after whole-tree removal and 679 kg/ha after conventional harvest.
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e3“Conservative estimates of total stump sprout biomass, excluding foliage, 1year after whole-tree removal averaged 433 kg/ha and after conventional harvest averaged 679 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum sprout heights of Quercus prinus, Quercus velutina and Acer rubrum were greater on the conventionally harvested area.
- Taxon
- upland hardwoodst0
- Material
- Quercusprinus L.e4
- Treatment
- conventionally harvested areae4
- Outcome
- maximum heights of stump sproutse4
- Direction
- greatere4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e4“Although sample sizes were small, maximum heights of stump sprouts of Quercusprinus L., Quercusvelutina Lam., and Acerrubrum L. were greater on the conventionally harvested area”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprouts of Liriodendron tulipifera and Oxydendrum arboreum averaged taller after residue removal.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e5“and sprouts of Liriodendrontulipifera L. and Oxydendrumarboreum (L.) DC. averaged taller after residue removal”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass of grape (Vitis spp.) was least following whole-tree removal.
- Taxon
- upland hardwoodst0
- Treatment
- whole-tree removale6
- Outcome
- Biomass of grape (Vitis spp.)e6
- Direction
- leaste6
- Qualifier
- may be related to site quality or the small size of the study areae6
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e6“Biomass of grape (Vitis spp.) was least following whole-tree removal, but this may be related to site quality or the small size of the study area”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprout number and biomass per stump peaked at about 30 cm stump diameter in a binomial-shaped distribution.
Verbatim
t0“regeneration in upland hardwoods”
e7“Number of sprouts and biomass per stump showed a binomial-shaped distribution in relation to stump diameter across both treatments, with a maximum at about 30 cm”