Abstract
Abstract Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by the Rhizobium ‐legume association of fieldbeans does not provide sufficient nitrogen for optimum yield under Michigan growing conditions. Consequently, an average of 44.8 kg/ha (40 lbs/A) of supplemental nitrogen is applied to these legume crops each year. This results in a sizeable investment for the growers and also increases the potential for N loss by leaching and runoff. The purpose of this study was to determine whether lime, S, and/or Mo might be limiting N 2 fixation and bean yield of dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the field. Two acid sandy soils 40.2 km (25 miles) apart, N‐S direction, suspected of being deficient in S and Mo, were selected for this study. Lime rates (0, 2,800, and 5,600 kg/ha), S rates (0 and 45 kg/ha), and Mo rates (0 and .07 kg/ha) were compared in a factorial design. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation was measured by the acetylene reduction assay. Soil samples were collected and bean yields were recorded. Sulfur increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity) nearly 60%. The lime and Mo treatments had little influence on nodule activity. The average yield of beans was increased 10% by the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate and 26% by the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate. The Mo seed treatment reduced yield 7%. Yield response to S was 26% at the zero lime rate, 12% at the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate, and 10% at the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate. Soil test results showed that lime increased the amount of available S in the soil. These data suggest that lime and S are limiting bean yield on certain acid sandy soils in Michigan. It also appears that where soils are S deficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation is being restricted.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased symbiotic nitrogen fixation nearly 60%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Phaseolus vulgarise1 - Material
- dark red kidney beanse1
- Treatment
- Sulfure0
- Outcome
- nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 60%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sulfur increased nitrogen fixation (acetylene reduction activity) nearly 60%.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime had little influence on nodule activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- nodule activitye0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lime and Mo treatments had little influence on nodule activity.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum had little influence on nodule activity.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Moe0
- Outcome
- nodule activitye0
- Direction
- little influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lime and Mo treatments had little influence on nodule activity.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 2,800 kg/ha lime rate increased average bean yield 10%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- 2,800 kg/ha lime ratee0
- Outcome
- yield of beanse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The average yield of beans was increased 10% by the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The 5,600 kg/ha lime rate increased average bean yield 26%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise2
- Treatment
- 5,600 kg/ha lime ratee0
- Outcome
- yield of beanse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 26%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“26% by the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate”
e1“The average yield of beans was increased 10% by the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate and 26% by the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate.”
e2“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Molybdenum seed treatment reduced bean yield 7%.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Mo seed treatmente0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 7%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Mo seed treatment reduced yield 7%.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased yield 26% at zero lime.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- Yield responsee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 26%e0
- Qualifier
- zero lime ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield response to S was 26% at the zero lime rate”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased yield 12% at the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- Yield responsee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 12%e0
- Qualifier
- 2,800 kg/ha lime ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield response to S was 26% at the zero lime rate, 12% at the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur increased yield 10% at the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- Se0
- Outcome
- Yield responsee0
- Direction
- increaseinferrede0
- Value
- 10%e0
- Qualifier
- 5,600 kg/ha lime ratee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Yield response to S was 26% at the zero lime rate, 12% at the 2,800 kg/ha lime rate, and 10% at the 5,600 kg/ha lime rate.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Lime increased available soil sulfur.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- limee0
- Outcome
- available S in the soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lime increased the amount of available S in the soil.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer lime and sulfur limit bean yield on some acid sandy Michigan soils.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Treatment
- lime and Se0
- Outcome
- bean yielde0
- Setting
- Michigane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lime and S are limiting bean yield on certain acid sandy soils in Michigan.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer sulfur deficiency restricts symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
- Taxon
- Phaseolus vulgaris L.Phaseolus vulgarise1
- Outcome
- symbiotic nitrogen fixatione0
- Qualifier
- soils are S deficiente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“where soils are S deficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation is being restricted.”
e1“dark red kidney beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.