Abstract
Seedling diseases of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) limit production in the High Plains of Texas. Field studies were conducted from 1992 through 1995 to determine the influence of tillage (conventional or terminated wheat [ Triticum aesrivum L.] conservation tillage system), seed quality, and fungicide seed treatments (specific for Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., and Thielaviopsis basicola ) on cotton emergence and lint yield. Seed quality positively affected plant emergence and yield in all years. Increases in plant emergence and yield were generally found with conventional rather than conservation tillage. Emergence 21 d or later was generally lower for untreated seed or Captan (C) (N‐trichloromethylthio‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboximide) treated seed than seed treatments that included triadimenol (Baytan 30 [B]) (Beta‐(4‐Chlorophenoxy)‐alpha‐(1,1‐dimethylethyl)‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐1‐ethanol) in 3 of 4 yr; carboxin‐PCNB (Vitavax‐PCNB [V]) (5,6‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐N‐phenyl‐1,4‐oxathiin‐3‐carboxamide‐Pentachloronitrobenzene) in 2 of 3 yr and metalaxyl (Apron 2.66F [A]) (N‐(2,6‐dimethyl‐phenyl)‐N‐(methoxyacetyl)alanine methyl ester) + C in one year. Yields were affected by seed treatments in 3 yr, with B being associated with higher yields every year, and lower yields associated with chloroneb (Nuflow ND [N]) (1,4‐dichloro‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene) + TCMTB (2‐(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothizaole (1992), untreated seed (1994) and C (1995). Plants were infected most frequently with R. solani and T. basicola . The most consistent factor affecting seedling disease was seed quality. Conventional tillage and seed treatments specific for Rhizoctonia and Thielaviopsis improved seedling emergence and yield most years. Interactions between chemical seed treatments, seed quality, and tillage systems were inconsistent between years and even among different evaluation times in the same year. Research Question What are the effects of chemical seed treatments, tillage system, and seed quality, interactions as well as separate effects, on seedling emergence and cotton yield. Literature Summary Evidence has shown that seedling disease can be higher under conservation tillage systems than conventional tillage systems. Cotton seedling emergence can be affected by seed quality and some seed treatment fungicides. However, interactions between these factors have not been studied. The impact of tillage systems on seedling emergence when seed quality varies, or with different seed treatments, is unknown. The question of whether use of new fungicides with moderate or low quality seed will adversely affect emergence is of great interest to producers. Study Description This field study was conducted from 1992 to 1995 on land that had been in either conventional tillage or conservation tillage (cotton drilled into terminated wheat) since 1986. Within each conventional or conservation tillage area, treatments consisted of three levels of seed quality and five to six fungicide seed treatments, specific for certain pathogens. Cotton emergence was monitored weekly and plots were harvested for yield. In 1994–1995, cotton roots were examined for disease symptoms, and pathogens were isolated. Applied Questions Were cotton emergence and yield responses from seed of different quality similar in conservation and conventional tillage treatments? Cotton emergence was positively associated with seed quality, for both conservation and conventional tillage systems. Emergence was higher in conventional tillage plots for each seed quality level than in conservation tillage plots in 2 of 4 yr. Was cotton emergence affected by new fungicide seed treatments interacting with tillage practices? Tillage did not have a consistent influence on any particular seed treatment. Were cotton emergence and yield responses negatively affected by triadimenol (Baytan 30) when combined with lower quality seed? No. Triadimenol was associated with reduced early emergence with all seed quality levels, and superior, final emergence with all seed qualities as compared with untreated seed or Captan treated seed.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Higher seed quality improved cotton emergence and yield in all years.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Seed qualitye0
- Outcome
- plant emergence and yielde0
- Direction
- positively affectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed quality positively affected plant emergence and yield in all years.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional tillage generally increased emergence and yield relative to conservation tillage.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- conventionale0
- Outcome
- plant emergence and yielde0
- Direction
- Increasese0
- Comparator
- conservation tillagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increases in plant emergence and yield were generally found with conventional rather than conservation tillage.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated seed had lower emergence at 21 days or later than triadimenol treatments in three of four years.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- untreated seede0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seed treatments that included triadimenole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence 21 d or later was generally lower for untreated seed or Captan (C) (N‐trichloromethylthio‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboximide) treated seed than seed treatments that included triadimenol (Baytan 30 [B])”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan-treated seed had lower late emergence than triadimenol treatments.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Captan (C)e0
- Outcome
- Emergencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seed treatments that included triadimenole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Emergence 21 d or later was generally lower for untreated seed or Captan (C) (N‐trichloromethylthio‐4‐cyclohexene‐1,2‐dicarboximide) treated seed than seed treatments that included triadimenol (Baytan 30 [B])”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimenol was associated with higher yields every year.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Be0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“B being associated with higher yields every year”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Chloroneb plus TCMTB was associated with lower yield in 1992.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower yields associated with chloroneb (Nuflow ND [N]) (1,4‐dichloro‐2,5‐dimethoxybenzene) + TCMTB (2‐(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothizaole (1992)”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated seed was associated with lower yield in 1994.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- untreated seede0
- Outcome
- lower yieldse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Qualifier
- 1994e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“untreated seed (1994)”
e1“lower yields associated with chloroneb”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan was associated with lower yield in 1995.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“C (1995)”
e1“lower yields associated with chloroneb”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
R. solani was among the most frequent infections of cotton plants.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- R. solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- infected most frequentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants were infected most frequently with R. solani and T. basicola .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
T. basicola was among the most frequent infections of cotton plants.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- T. basicola
Berkeleyomyces basicolae0pathogen - Outcome
- infected most frequentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plants were infected most frequently with R. solani and T. basicola .”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed quality was the most consistent factor affecting seedling disease.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- seed qualitye0
- Outcome
- seedling diseasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most consistent factor affecting seedling disease was seed quality.”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimenol reduced early emergence across all seed quality levels.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Triadimenole0
- Outcome
- early emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Triadimenol was associated with reduced early emergence with all seed quality levels”
t0“Cotton”
Claim · model-written summary
Triadimenol gave superior final emergence across all seed quality levels versus untreated or Captan seed.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Triadimenole1
- Outcome
- final emergencee0
- Direction
- superiore0
- Comparator
- untreated seed or Captan treated seede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“superior, final emergence with all seed qualities as compared with untreated seed or Captan treated seed.”
e1“Triadimenol was associated with reduced early emergence”
t0“Cotton”
The same questions in other papers
captan · growth · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.