Abstract
Climatic change predicts elevated salinity in soils as well as increased carbon dioxide dioxide [CO2] in the atmosphere. The present study aims to determine the effect of combined salinity and elevated [CO2] on sulfur (S) metabolism and S-derived phytochemicals in green and purple broccoli (cv. Naxos and cv. Viola, respectively). Elevated [CO2] involved the amelioration of salt stress, especially in cv. Viola, where a lower biomass reduction by salinity was accompanied by higher sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentation in the vacuole. Moreover, salinity and elevated [CO2] affected the mineral and glucosinolate contents and the activity of biosynthetic enzymes of S-derived compounds and the degradative enzyme of glucosinolate metabolism, myrosinase, as well as the related amino acids and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). In cv. Naxos, elevated [CO2] may trigger the antioxidant response to saline stress by means of increased GSH concentration. Also, in cv. Naxos, indolic glucosinolates were more influenced by the NaCl×CO2 interaction whereas in cv. Viola the aliphatic glucosinolates were significantly increased by these conditions. Salinity and elevated [CO2] enhanced the S cellular partitioning and metabolism affecting the myrosinase-glucosinolate system.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 ameliorated salt stress, especially in Viola.
- Taxon
- broccoli
Brassica oleracea var. italicat0 - Material
- Violae0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- salt stresse0
- Direction
- amelioratione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO2] involved the amelioration of salt stress, especially in cv. Viola”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola showed lower biomass reduction under elevated CO2 and salinity.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Violae0
- Treatment
- salinitye0
- Outcome
- biomass reductione0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Viola, where a lower biomass reduction by salinity was accompanied by higher sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentation in the vacuole”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola showed higher sodium compartmentation in vacuoles.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Violat1
- Organ / stage
- vacuolee0
- Outcome
- sodium (Na(+))e0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentation in the vacuole”
t0“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)”
t1“green and purple broccoli (cv. Naxos and cv. Viola, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Viola showed higher chloride compartmentation in vacuoles.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Violat1
- Organ / stage
- vacuolee0
- Outcome
- chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentatione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)) compartmentation in the vacuole”
t0“Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)”
t1“green and purple broccoli (cv. Naxos and cv. Viola, respectively)”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and elevated CO2 affected mineral and glucosinolate contents.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- salinity and elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- mineral and glucosinolate contentse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“salinity and elevated [CO2] affected the mineral and glucosinolate contents”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and elevated CO2 affected sulfur biosynthetic and myrosinase activities.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- activity of biosynthetic enzymes of S-derived compounds and the degradative enzyme of glucosinolate metabolism, myrosinasee0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the activity of biosynthetic enzymes of S-derived compounds and the degradative enzyme of glucosinolate metabolism, myrosinase”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and elevated CO2 affected related amino acids and glutathione.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Outcome
- related amino acids and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH)e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the related amino acids and the antioxidant glutathione (GSH)”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased glutathione in Naxos.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Naxose0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- GSH concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Naxos, elevated [CO2] may trigger the antioxidant response to saline stress by means of increased GSH concentration”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Indolic glucosinolates in Naxos were more influenced by the salt-by-CO2 interaction.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Naxose0
- Treatment
- NaCl×CO2 interactione0
- Outcome
- indolic glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- more influencede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Naxos, indolic glucosinolates were more influenced by the NaCl×CO2 interaction”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Aliphatic glucosinolates in Viola increased significantly under the combined conditions.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Material
- Violae0
- Treatment
- these conditionse0
- Outcome
- aliphatic glucosinolatese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in cv. Viola the aliphatic glucosinolates were significantly increased by these conditions”
t0“broccoli”
Claim · model-written summary
Salinity and elevated CO2 enhanced cellular sulfur partitioning and metabolism.
- Taxon
- broccoliBrassica oleracea var. italicat0
- Treatment
- Salinity and elevated [CO2]e0
- Outcome
- S cellular partitioning and metabolisme0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Salinity and elevated [CO2] enhanced the S cellular partitioning and metabolism affecting the myrosinase-glucosinolate system”
t0“broccoli”
The same questions in other papers
salinity · growth · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results differ
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
16 papers more in this group
See all 20 papers →co2 · molecular: metabolites · Brassica oleracea (wild cabbage)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.