Abstract
Deep tillage and roguing of diseased plants were evaluated for effects on oospore populations of Peronosclerospora sorghi in soil and for control of sorghum downy mildew in grain sorghum. Roguing was conducted to simulate effects of 1- to 3-yr rotations with resistant crops by preventing completion of the disease cycle and addition of new inoculum to soil. Deep tillage (moldboard plowing to 30- 35 cm) was most effective when plowing was conducted in a downwind direction and not preceded by deep disking. Most oospores occurred at 0- 20 cm in soil with conventional tillage, whereas they were redistributed to 20- 40 cm with optimal deep tillage. Sorghum downy mildew incidence following optimal deep tillage was 14% of that obtained following conventional tillage. When deep tillage was conducted in an upwind direction or preceded by deep disking, oospore densities in upper soil and the incidence of sorghum downy mildew were less effectively reduced. Annual roguing of diseased plants from plots of susceptible cultivars reduced oospore densities to 22- 27%, and systemic downy mildew incidence to 11- 20% of levels observed in nonrogued plots after 3 yr. Results indicate that deep tillage, when properly conducted, and crop rotations or other treatments that prevent addition of new oospores to soil for 3 yr may provide economically beneficial control of sorghum downy mildew. However, some infection still occurred after almost 4 yr with little or no replenishment of oospore populations in soil
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Optimally conducted deep tillage was most effective with downwind plowing and no prior deep disking.
- Taxon
- Grain Sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- Deep tillage (moldboard plowing to 30- 35 cm)e0
- Outcome
- most effectivee0
- Qualifier
- plowing was conducted in a downwind direction and not preceded by deep diskinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Deep tillage (moldboard plowing to 30- 35 cm) was most effective when plowing was conducted in a downwind direction and not preceded by deep disking.”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Under conventional tillage most oospores occurred at 0- 20 cm in soil.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- conventional tillagee0
- Outcome
- oospores occurred at 0- 20 cm in soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most oospores occurred at 0- 20 cm in soil with conventional tillage”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimal deep tillage redistributed oospores to 20- 40 cm.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- optimal deep tillagee0
- Outcome
- redistributed to 20- 40 cme0
- Direction
- redistributede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they were redistributed to 20- 40 cm with optimal deep tillage”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Downy mildew incidence after optimal deep tillage was 14% of incidence after conventional tillage.
- Treatment
- optimal deep tillagee0
- Outcome
- Sorghum downy mildew incidencee0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Value
- 14%e0
- Comparator
- conventional tillagee0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum downy mildew incidence following optimal deep tillage was 14% of that obtained following conventional tillage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Upwind tillage or prior deep disking reduced upper-soil oospores less effectively.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- deep tillage was conducted in an upwind direction or preceded by deep diskinge0
- Outcome
- oospore densities in upper soile0
- Direction
- less effectively reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When deep tillage was conducted in an upwind direction or preceded by deep disking, oospore densities in upper soil and the incidence of sorghum downy mildew were less effectively reduced.”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Upwind tillage or prior deep disking reduced downy mildew incidence less effectively.
- Treatment
- deep tillage was conducted in an upwind direction or preceded by deep diskinge0
- Outcome
- incidence of sorghum downy mildewe0
- Direction
- less effectively reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When deep tillage was conducted in an upwind direction or preceded by deep disking, oospore densities in upper soil and the incidence of sorghum downy mildew were less effectively reduced.”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual roguing lowered oospore density to 22- 27% of nonrogued levels after three years.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Annual roguing of diseased plantse0
- Outcome
- oospore densitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22- 27%e0
- Qualifier
- after 3 yre0
- Comparator
- nonrogued plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual roguing of diseased plants from plots of susceptible cultivars reduced oospore densities to 22- 27%, and systemic downy mildew incidence to 11- 20% of levels observed in nonrogued plots after 3 yr.”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual roguing lowered systemic downy mildew incidence to 11- 20% of nonrogued levels after three years.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- Annual roguing of diseased plantse0
- Outcome
- systemic downy mildew incidencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 11- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- after 3 yre0
- Comparator
- nonrogued plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Annual roguing of diseased plants from plots of susceptible cultivars reduced oospore densities to 22- 27%, and systemic downy mildew incidence to 11- 20% of levels observed in nonrogued plots after 3 yr.”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Some infection persisted after nearly four years with little or no oospore replenishment.
- Taxon
- Grain SorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- infection still occurrede0
- Qualifier
- after almost 4 yr with little or no replenishment of oospore populations in soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“some infection still occurred after almost 4 yr with little or no replenishment of oospore populations in soil”
t0“Grain Sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · disease · SorghumPositive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.