Abstract
Abstract A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the effects of sewage sludge on Fe‐chlorosis and yield of grain sorghum. Different rates of sewage sludge (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 20.0 and 25.0 g sludge kg‐1 soil) were added to three calcareous soils; Clareville cl (Pachic Argiustoil), Orelia c (Typic Ochraqualf) and Pernitas fsl (Typic Argiustoil). Visual chlorosis ratings decreased with increasing sludge rates on all three soils. However, more than 25 g sludge kg‐1 was needed to correct Fe‐deficiency in Orelia soil. Dry matter yields increased with increasing sludge rates in Orelia soil. On Pernitas soil, dry matter yields increased with increasing sludge rates up to 12.5 to 15.0 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then leveled off or slightly decreased. On Clareville soil, dry matter yields increased with sludge rates up to 10 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then decreased, indicating a possibility of heavy metals toxicity. The data in this experiment indicate that in calcareous soils with high pH it is possible to use sewage sludge to correct Fe‐deficiency and increase yields.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorosis ratings decreased as sludge rates increased on all three soils.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolort0 - Treatment
- increasing sludge ratese0
- Outcome
- Visual chlorosis ratingse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Visual chlorosis ratings decreased with increasing sludge rates on all three soils.”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
More than 25 g sludge kg‐1 was needed to correct iron deficiency in Orelia soil.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- correct Fe‐deficiencye0
- Value
- more than 25 g sludge kg‐1e0
- Setting
- Orelia soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than 25 g sludge kg‐1 was needed to correct Fe‐deficiency in Orelia soil”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter yield increased with sludge rate in Orelia soil.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- increasing sludge ratese0
- Outcome
- Dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Setting
- Orelia soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dry matter yields increased with increasing sludge rates in Orelia soil.”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
On Pernitas soil, dry matter yield increased up to 12.5 to 15.0 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then leveled off or slightly decreased.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- increasing sludge ratese0
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12.5 to 15.0 g sludge kg‐1 soile0
- Qualifier
- then leveled off or slightly decreasede0
- Setting
- Pernitas soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On Pernitas soil, dry matter yields increased with increasing sludge rates up to 12.5 to 15.0 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then leveled off or slightly decreased.”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
On Clareville soil, dry matter yield increased to 10 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then decreased.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Treatment
- sludge ratese0
- Outcome
- dry matter yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 10 g sludge kg‐1 soile0
- Qualifier
- then decreasede0
- Setting
- Clareville soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On Clareville soil, dry matter yields increased with sludge rates up to 10 g sludge kg‐1 soil and then decreased”
t0“grain sorghum”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that sewage sludge can correct iron deficiency and increase yields in high-pH calcareous soils.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolort0
- Outcome
- use sewage sludge to correct Fe‐deficiency and increase yieldse0
- Setting
- calcareous soils with high pHe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in calcareous soils with high pH it is possible to use sewage sludge to correct Fe‐deficiency and increase yields”
t0“grain sorghum”
The same questions in other papers
organic · yield · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.