Paper · 1994 · Journal of Plant Nutrition

Influence of partial replacement of nitrate by amino acid nitrogen or urea in the nutrient medium on nitrate accumulation in NFT grown winter lettuce

Aydin Gunes; Wietse N. K. Post; Ernest A. Kirkby; et al.

10
claims
26
verbatim quotes
97
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten) were grown for two months in late fall in NFT under three different nitrogen (N)‐regimes but with the same total N concentration (13.4 mM). A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO3 of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources. Proteinate is a fertilizer produced in Turkey containing 8% amino acid N and 8% NO3‐N. For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake. Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N. Of the two cultivars, Berlo accumulated greater concentrations of NO3 than did Kirsten. The accumulation of chloride (Cl) was in the reverse order of that of NO3 with greatest concentrations occurring in the proteinate plants.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 10

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Urea replacement did not affect harvested lettuce fresh weight relative to the reference nitrogen solution.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
ureae1
Outcome
fresh weights of the harvested plantse0
Direction
unaffectede0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–679 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO3 of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–467 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Proteinate replacement did not affect harvested lettuce fresh weight relative to the reference nitrogen solution.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
proteinatee1
Outcome
fresh weights of the harvested plantse0
Direction
unaffectede0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–679 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO3 of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–467 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Urea replacement did not affect total nitrogen uptake in either lettuce cultivar.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
ureae1
Outcome
total N uptakee0
Direction
unaffectede0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–679 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO3 of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–467 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Proteinate replacement did not affect total nitrogen uptake in either lettuce cultivar.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
proteinatee1
Outcome
total N uptakee0
Direction
unaffectede0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“For both cultivars the fresh weights of the harvested plants were unaffected by the N source as was also the total N uptake.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 555–679 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments in which 20% of the NO3 of the reference treatment was replaced by either of these two N sources.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–467 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Urea replacement considerably lowered lettuce nitrate content relative to the reference solution.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
ureae0
Outcome
Nitrate contente0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–900 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–369 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Proteinate replacement considerably lowered lettuce nitrate content relative to the reference solution.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae2
Material
Berlo and Kirstene2
Treatment
proteinatee0
Outcome
Nitrate contente0
Direction
lowere0
Comparator
A reference treatmente1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–900 · show in text ↑
e1

“A reference treatment with a nutrient solution containing 94% nitrate (NO3) and 6% ammonium (NH4) was compared with urea and proteinate treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 223–369 · show in text ↑
e2

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lettuce nitrate content across the three nitrogen treatments ranged from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae1
Outcome
Nitrate contente0
Value
3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wte0
Qualifier
the three treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–900 · show in text ↑
e1

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrate made up between 44.3% and 55.4% of total plant nitrogen across the three treatments.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae1
Outcome
total plant Ne0
Value
44.3% to 55.4%e0
Qualifier
the three treatmentse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Nitrate content, however, was considerably lower in the urea and proteinate plants, values for the three treatments ranging from 3314 to 4579 mg NO3/kg fresh wt making up from between 44.3% to 55.4% of the total plant N.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 680–900 · show in text ↑
e1

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Berlo accumulated more nitrate than Kirsten.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae1
Material
Berloe0
Outcome
concentrations of NO3e0
Direction
greatere0
Comparator
Kirstene0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Of the two cultivars, Berlo accumulated greater concentrations of NO3 than did Kirsten.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 901–988 · show in text ↑
e1

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Proteinate treated lettuce had the greatest chloride concentrations.

Taxon
lettuce plantsLactuca sativae1
Treatment
proteinatee0
Compound
chloride (Cl)e0
Outcome
concentrationse0
Direction
greateste0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lactuca sativa
Lactuca sativa · Taxonen:User:Geographer · CC BY 1.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The accumulation of chloride (Cl) was in the reverse order of that of NO3 with greatest concentrations occurring in the proteinate plants.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 989–1127 · show in text ↑
e1

“Two cultivars of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa L. cvs Berlo and Kirsten)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 9–82 · show in text ↑

nitrogen · growth · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results differ

85 papers: 60 positive, 25 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 reporting no difference from an alternative

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

81 papers more in this group

See all 85 papers →

nitrogen · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results

52 papers: 35 positive, 17 negative or no effect

34 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

48 papers more in this group

See all 52 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.