Abstract
Intercropping, a mix of non-legume and legume crops, can improve crop yield and/or economic returns and reduce input costs. Field experiments (barley-pea intercrop) were conducted in 2008, 2010 and 2011 on an Oskondoga silt loam soil at Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, to determine the effect of intercropping barley (non-legume) and pea (legume) on grain yield, land equivalency ratio (LER), grain quality (protein concentration-PC), N uptake and economic returns. Barley and pea were grown as mono crops and in combinations as intercrops (both in the same row/and alternate rows). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 40 and 80 kg·N·ha-1 to mono crop barley and at 0, 20 and 40 kg·N·ha-1 to barley-pea intercrop combinations. On an average of three years, application of 80 kg·N·ha-1 increased grain yield of barley by 846 kg·ha-1 as a sole crop and by 420 - 488 kg·ha-1 in the two intercropping combinations. Compared to barley and pea as sole crops, grain yield with barley-pea intercropping was greater by 266 kg·ha-1 with alternate row combination and by 223 kg·ha-1when both crops were grown in the same row. The LER values suggested 7% - 17% less land requirement for barley-pea intercropping than sole crops. Net returns from barley-pea intercropping without applied N greatly improved ($854 - $939 ha-1) compared to barley sole crop with 80 kg·N·ha-1($628 ha-1), although the net returns were highest for pea grown as a sole crop without applied N ($1141 ha-1). For barley as a sole crop, PC in grain increased with applied N. Compared to barley as sole crop with zero-N, PC in barley grain increased when barley was intercropped with pea. In barley-pea intercrop treatments, application of N fertilizer had no significant effect on PC in barley grain, although PC in pea grain was much higher than PC in barley grain. The response trends of total N uptake in grain were similar to grain yield. The findings suggest that pea or barley-pea intercropping could be an option for organic farming systems.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
At 80 kg N, sole barley grain yield increased by 846 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- 80 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield of barleye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 846 kg·ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“application of 80 kg·N·ha-1 increased grain yield of barley by 846 kg·ha-1 as a sole crop”
Claim · model-written summary
At 80 kg N, barley grain yield in two intercropping arrangements increased by 420 to 488 kg per hectare.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- 80 kg·N·ha-1e0
- Outcome
- grain yield of barleye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 420 - 488 kg·ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 80 kg·N·ha-1 increased grain yield of barley by 846 kg·ha-1 as a sole crop and by 420 - 488 kg·ha-1 in the two intercropping combinations”
Claim · model-written summary
Alternate-row intercropping increased grain yield by 266 kg per hectare compared with sole crops.
- Taxon
- barley and pea
Lathyrus oleraceusHordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- alternate row combinatione0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 266 kg·ha-1e0
- Comparator
- barley and pea as sole cropse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to barley and pea as sole crops, grain yield with barley-pea intercropping was greater by 266 kg·ha-1 with alternate row combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Same-row intercropping increased grain yield by 223 kg per hectare compared with sole crops.
- Taxon
- barley-peae0
- Treatment
- both crops were grown in the same rowe0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 223 kg·ha-1e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“grain yield with barley-pea intercropping was greater by 266 kg·ha-1 with alternate row combination and by 223 kg·ha-1when both crops were grown in the same row”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping required 7%–17% less land than sole crops by land equivalency ratio.
Verbatim
e0“The LER values suggested 7% - 17% less land requirement for barley-pea intercropping than sole crops.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without applied nitrogen, intercropping gave net returns of $854–$939 per hectare, above sole barley at 80 kg nitrogen with $628 per hectare.
Verbatim
e0“Net returns from barley-pea intercropping without applied N greatly improved ($854 - $939 ha-1) compared to barley sole crop with 80 kg·N·ha-1($628 ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea sole cropping without applied nitrogen had the highest net returns of $1141 per hectare.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- net returnse0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- $1141 ha-1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“net returns were highest for pea grown as a sole crop without applied N ($1141 ha-1)”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied nitrogen increased grain protein concentration in sole barley.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- applied Ne0
- Outcome
- PC in graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For barley as a sole crop, PC in grain increased with applied N.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping with pea increased barley grain protein concentration relative to sole barley with zero nitrogen.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- intercropped with peae0
- Outcome
- PC in barley graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- barley as sole crop with zero-Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to barley as sole crop with zero-N, PC in barley grain increased when barley was intercropped with pea.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilization had no significant effect on barley grain protein concentration in intercrops.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- application of N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- PC in barley graine0
- Direction
- no significant effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In barley-pea intercrop treatments, application of N fertilizer had no significant effect on PC in barley grain”
Claim · model-written summary
Pea grain protein concentration was much higher than barley grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- PC in pea graine0
- Direction
- much highere0
- Comparator
- PC in barley graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“PC in pea grain was much higher than PC in barley grain.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total nitrogen uptake in grain followed grain yield response trends.
Not reportedTaxonDirection
Verbatim
e0“The response trends of total N uptake in grain were similar to grain yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest pea or barley-pea intercropping for organic farming.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Outcome
- pea or barley-pea intercropping could be an option for organic farming systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The findings suggest that pea or barley-pea intercropping could be an option for organic farming systems.”
The same questions in other papers
intercropping · organism · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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nitrogen · organism · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
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See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.