Abstract
Summary Apples were grown in a study using nature farming practices, including organic fertilizer to supply nutrients, microbial inocu-lants for biocontrol of pest insects, and low- or non-pesticides measures. When low- or non-pesticide measures were adopted, the numbers of pest insects increased accordingly; however, the populations of beneficial organisms and natural predators of pest insects also increased. Even though the reduction in pesticide use caused some fruit damage, the enhanced biocontrol of pest insects by increased numbers of natural predator insects more than compensated for the damage. Thus, low- or non-pesticide nature farming practices were cost-effective because they increased biocontrol of pest insects and decreased the amount of pesticide needed and the cost of application. Key Words: Applemicrobial inoculantnature farmingpest controlorganic fertilization
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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing pesticide measures increased pest insect numbers in apples.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- low- or non-pesticide measurese0
- Interactor
- pest insectse0pest
- Outcome
- numbers of pest insectse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When low- or non-pesticide measures were adopted, the numbers of pest insects increased accordingly”
t0“Apple Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Reducing pesticide measures increased beneficial organisms and natural predators of apple pest insects.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- low- or non-pesticide measurese1
- Interactor
- natural predators of pest insectse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- populations of beneficial organisms and natural predators of pest insectse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the populations of beneficial organisms and natural predators of pest insects also increased.”
e1“When low- or non-pesticide measures were adopted”
t0“Apple Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced pesticide use caused some apple fruit damage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- reduction in pesticide usee0
- Outcome
- fruit damagee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction in pesticide use caused some fruit damage”
t0“Apple Production”
Claim · model-written summary
More natural predators increased biocontrol of apple pest insects sufficiently to more than compensate for fruit damage.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Interactor
- pest insectse0pest
- Second interactor
- natural predator insectse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol of pest insectse0
- Qualifier
- increased numbers of natural predator insectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the enhanced biocontrol of pest insects by increased numbers of natural predator insects more than compensated for the damage”
t0“Apple Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Low- or non-pesticide nature farming practices were cost-effective for apples.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- cost-effectivee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“low- or non-pesticide nature farming practices were cost-effective”
t0“Apple Production”
Claim · model-written summary
Low- or non-pesticide practices reduced pesticide quantity and application cost for apples.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- low- or non-pesticide nature farming practicese1
- Outcome
- amount of pesticide needed and the cost of applicatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“they increased biocontrol of pest insects and decreased the amount of pesticide needed and the cost of application.”
e1“low- or non-pesticide nature farming practices”
t0“Apple Production”
The same questions in other papers
insecticide · pest · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
15 papers more in this group
See all 19 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.