Abstract
Seed yield and achene oil yield are the main determinants for N application rates rather than seed composition. Nitrogen plays a critical role in producing unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids), which are the main factors determining sunflower oil quality (Helianthus annuus L.). Studies were conducted on the effect of N fertilization on seed yield, achene oil yield, and quality parameters of sunflower hybrids for two successive years (2010 and 2011) in a split plot arrangement under a randomized complete block design. The hybrids (Hysun-33 & S-278) and N levels (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha -1 ) were allotted in main and sub-plots, respectively. Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years. At the same time, crop oil yield was positively related to increased N supply with higher achene yield (AY). Palmitic acid varied from 5.27 to 6.42 % and stearic acid ranged from 2.27 to 2.95%. Hybrid S-278 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher AY (3380 kg ha -1 ), oil content (42.11%) than Hysun-33 (2968 kg ha -1 and 40.75%, respectively), while the opposite was true for protein content. Oil yield varied in response to N fertilizer, with a range of 34 to 37% providing the best quality traits in both seasons.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen increased sunflower yield in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- Increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- during both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen increased protein content in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- during both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen increased linoleic acid in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- linoleic acide0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- during both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen decreased oil content in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- oil contentse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- during both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing nitrogen decreased the percentage of oleic acid in both years.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- Increasing N levelse0
- Outcome
- percentage of oleic acide0
- Direction
- negativelye0
- Qualifier
- during both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Increasing N levels resulted in steady increases in yield, protein contents and linoleic acid, whereas oil contents and percentage of oleic acid responded negatively during both years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop oil yield was positively related to increased nitrogen supply.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- increased N supplye0
- Outcome
- crop oil yielde0
- Direction
- positivelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“At the same time, crop oil yield was positively related to increased N supply with higher achene yield (AY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop oil yield was positively related to higher achene yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- crop oil yielde0
- Direction
- positivelye0
- Comparator
- higher achene yield (AY)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“At the same time, crop oil yield was positively related to increased N supply with higher achene yield (AY).”
Claim · model-written summary
Palmitic acid varied from 5.27 to 6.42%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- Palmitic acide0
- Value
- 5.27 to 6.42 %e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Palmitic acid varied from 5.27 to 6.42 % and stearic acid ranged from 2.27 to 2.95%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Stearic acid ranged from 2.27 to 2.95%.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- stearic acide0
- Value
- 2.27 to 2.95%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Palmitic acid varied from 5.27 to 6.42 % and stearic acid ranged from 2.27 to 2.95%.”
Claim · model-written summary
S-278 had higher achene yield, 3380 kg ha -1 versus 2968 kg ha -1 for Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- S-278e0
- Outcome
- AYe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 3380 kg ha -1e0
- Qualifier
- 2968 kg ha -1e0
- Comparator
- Hysun-33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Hybrid S-278 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher AY (3380 kg ha -1 ), oil content (42.11%) than Hysun-33 (2968 kg ha -1 and 40.75%, respectively), while the opposite was true for protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
S-278 had higher oil content, 42.11% versus 40.75% for Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- S-278e0
- Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 42.11%e0
- Qualifier
- 40.75%e0
- Comparator
- Hysun-33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Hybrid S-278 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher AY (3380 kg ha -1 ), oil content (42.11%) than Hysun-33 (2968 kg ha -1 and 40.75%, respectively), while the opposite was true for protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein content was lower in S-278 than in Hysun-33.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Material
- S-278e0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- lowerinferrede0
- Qualifier
- opposite was truee0
- Comparator
- Hysun-33e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Hybrid S-278 exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher AY (3380 kg ha -1 ), oil content (42.11%) than Hysun-33 (2968 kg ha -1 and 40.75%, respectively), while the opposite was true for protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
An oil content range of 34 to 37% gave the best quality traits in both seasons.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- best quality traitse0
- Direction
- beste0
- Value
- 34 to 37%e0
- Qualifier
- both seasonse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“sunflower hybrids”
e0“Oil yield varied in response to N fertilizer, with a range of 34 to 37% providing the best quality traits in both seasons.”
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