Paper · 2004 · Plant Disease

Witches'-broom of Bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) in Iran

M. Djavaheri; H. Rahimian

8
claims
11
verbatim quotes
16
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Symptoms, resembling those of witches'-broom disease of lime (WBDL), consisting of proliferation and growth of spindly shoots, rosetting, development of stunted, pale green, cupped leaves, and long thin thorns were observed on some bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees, the major rootstock species in Ghazi-Ghale (Hormozgan Province) and Kahnouj (Kerman Province) in southern Iran. Vein clearing, mottling, and mild to severe yellowing of leaves was evident on some rosetted flushes. The disease occurred sporadically, and only some branches of the tree displayed the symptoms. Sour lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees with symptoms of WBDL were also encountered in adjacent citrus groves in the area where an association of "Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia" with diseased trees was previously established. Total nucleic acids were extracted from symptomatic as well as apparently healthy bakraee (1). The nucleic acids were subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with the universal primers R16mF2/R16mR1, followed by R16F2n/R16R2 (2). The PCR program consisted of an initial denaturation at 94°C for 2 min, followed by 40 cycles of 1 min at 94°C, 2 min at 55°C, and 3 min at 72°C. After a final extension of 10 min at 72°C, the samples were electrophoresed on agarose gels, and the DNA fragments were stained with ethidium bromide and visualized under ultraviolet light. An expected 1.2-kb product was amplified in DNA preparations from broomed bakraee and WBDL-affected sour lime trees. No such amplicon was detected in similar DNA extracts of asymptomatic trees. These results demonstrated an association of a phytoplasma with witches'-broom disease of bakraee. However, its relationship with "Candidatus Phytoplasma aurantifolia" remains to be determined. References: (1) S. L. Dellaporta et al. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep.1:19, 1983. (2) I. M. Lee et al. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 48:1153, 1998.

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Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Bakraee trees showed witches-broom-like spindly shoots, rosetting, stunted leaves and thorns.

Taxon
bakraeee0
Outcome
proliferation and growth of spindly shoots, rosetting, development of stunted, pale green, cupped leaves, and long thin thornse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Symptoms, resembling those of witches'-broom disease of lime (WBDL), consisting of proliferation and growth of spindly shoots, rosetting, development of stunted, pale green, cupped leaves, and long thin thorns were observed on some bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–272 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Some rosetted bakraee flushes showed vein clearing, mottling and leaf yellowing.

Taxon
bakraeee1
Outcome
Vein clearing, mottling, and mild to severe yellowing of leavese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Vein clearing, mottling, and mild to severe yellowing of leaves was evident on some rosetted flushes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 386–486 · show in text ↑
e1

“bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–272 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Disease was sporadic and confined to some branches.

Taxon
bakraeee1
Outcome
disease occurred sporadically, and only some branches of the tree displayed the symptomse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“The disease occurred sporadically, and only some branches of the tree displayed the symptoms”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 488–580 · show in text ↑
e1

“bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–272 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Symptomatic sour lime trees also occurred in adjacent groves.

Taxon
Sour limee0
Outcome
symptoms of WBDLe0
Setting
adjacent citrus grovese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Sour lime (Citrus aurantifolia) trees with symptoms of WBDL were also encountered in adjacent citrus groves”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 582–689 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 1.2-kb PCR product was detected in broomed bakraee and WBDL-affected sour lime.

Taxon
bakraeee0
Outcome
product was amplifiede0
Value
1.2-kbe0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“An expected 1.2-kb product was amplified in DNA preparations from broomed bakraee and WBDL-affected sour lime trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1404–1519 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A 1.2-kb PCR product was detected in WBDL-affected sour lime.

Taxon
sour limee0
Outcome
product was amplifiede0
Value
1.2-kbe0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“An expected 1.2-kb product was amplified in DNA preparations from broomed bakraee and WBDL-affected sour lime trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1404–1519 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Asymptomatic trees had no corresponding amplicon.

Taxon
bakraeee1
Outcome
No such amplicon was detectede0
Qualifier
asymptomatic treese0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“No such amplicon was detected in similar DNA extracts of asymptomatic trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1521–1596 · show in text ↑
e1

“bakraee (Citrus reticulata hybrid) trees”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–272 · show in text ↑
Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The findings indicated a phytoplasma association with bakraee witches-broom.

Taxon
bakraeee0
Interactor
a phytoplasmae0pathogen
Outcome
witches'-broom disease of bakraeee0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“These results demonstrated an association of a phytoplasma with witches'-broom disease of bakraee”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1598–1695 · show in text ↑