Abstract
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a widely used and highly valued temperate legume; however, its productivity and survival are restricted under dryland and drought conditions. This study investigated whether drought resistance of white clover could be improved by interspecific hybridisation with Trifolium uniflorum L. After almost 4 months without irrigation in a rain-shelter facility, shoot dry weight (DW) decreased significantly less in first-generation backcross (BC1) hybrids (–47%) than second-generation backcross (BC2) hybrids (–68%) and white clover (–69%). Stolon morphological parameters such as internode length and leaf lamina area also decreased less under water stress in the BC1 hybrids than in BC2 and white clover. There was also lower senescence in BC1 under water stress than in the other clover types. Genotypes with smaller changes in leaf lamina area, internode length, senescence and lateral spread had smaller changes in shoot DW, and there were significant correlations between constitutive levels of some characteristics and the effect of water stress on shoot DW. Under water stress, the growth form of the BC1 hybrids was compact, dense and prostrate, whereas white clover was more spreading and open. Increased allocation of dry matter to roots under drought, and greater root diameter, may also have influenced the ability of BC1 hybrids to maintain water uptake and key physiological processes. Overall, the data confirm that the drought resistance of white clover can be improved through hybridisation with T. uniflorum.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
BC1 hybrid shoot dry weight fell 47% after drought, less than BC2 hybrids or white clover.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Material
- first-generation backcross (BC1) hybridse0
- Treatment
- almost 4 months without irrigatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- decreased significantly lesse0
- Value
- –47%e0
- Comparator
- second-generation backcross (BC2) hybridse0
- Setting
- rain-shelter facilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After almost 4 months without irrigation in a rain-shelter facility, shoot dry weight (DW) decreased significantly less in first-generation backcross (BC1) hybrids (–47%) than second-generation backcross (BC2) hybrids (–68%) and white clover (–69%)”
Claim · model-written summary
BC2 hybrid shoot dry weight fell 68% under drought.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Material
- second-generation backcross (BC2) hybridse0
- Treatment
- without irrigatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- –68%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After almost 4 months without irrigation in a rain-shelter facility, shoot dry weight (DW) decreased significantly less in first-generation backcross (BC1) hybrids (–47%) than second-generation backcross (BC2) hybrids (–68%) and white clover (–69%)”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover shoot dry weight fell 69% under drought.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- without irrigatione0
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight (DW)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- –69%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After almost 4 months without irrigation in a rain-shelter facility, shoot dry weight (DW) decreased significantly less in first-generation backcross (BC1) hybrids (–47%) than second-generation backcross (BC2) hybrids (–68%) and white clover (–69%)”
Claim · model-written summary
BC1 internode length decreased less under water stress than BC2 or white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Material
- BC1 hybridse0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- internode lengthe0
- Direction
- decreased lesse0
- Comparator
- BC2 and white clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stolon morphological parameters such as internode length and leaf lamina area also decreased less under water stress in the BC1 hybrids than in BC2 and white clover”
Claim · model-written summary
BC1 leaf lamina area decreased less under water stress than BC2 or white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Material
- BC1 hybridse0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- leaf lamina areae0
- Direction
- decreased lesse0
- Comparator
- BC2 and white clovere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stolon morphological parameters such as internode length and leaf lamina area also decreased less under water stress in the BC1 hybrids than in BC2 and white clover”
Claim · model-written summary
BC1 plants had less senescence under water stress than other clover types.
- Material
- BC1e0
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Outcome
- senescencee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- other clover typese0
TrifoliumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was also lower senescence in BC1 under water stress than in the other clover types”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller changes in lamina area, internode length, and senescence accompanied smaller changes in shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Material
- Genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- leaf lamina area, internode length, senescencee0
- Outcome
- shoot DWe0
- Direction
- smaller changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genotypes with smaller changes in leaf lamina area, internode length, senescence and lateral spread had smaller changes in shoot DW”
e1“White clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Constitutive traits correlated significantly with drought effects on shoot dry weight.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Material
- constitutive levels of some characteristicse0
- Outcome
- effect of water stress on shoot DWe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were significant correlations between constitutive levels of some characteristics and the effect of water stress on shoot DW”
e1“White clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
BC1 hybrids had a compact, dense, prostrate growth form under water stress.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Material
- BC1 hybridse0
- Outcome
- growth forme0
- Qualifier
- Under water stresse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under water stress, the growth form of the BC1 hybrids was compact, dense and prostrate”
e1“White clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
White clover had a more spreading, open growth form under water stress.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Outcome
- more spreading and opene0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“whereas white clover was more spreading and open”
Claim · model-written summary
Greater root dry-matter allocation and root diameter may have helped BC1 hybrids maintain water uptake.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Material
- BC1 hybridse0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- water uptake and key physiological processese0
- Qualifier
- Increased allocation of dry matter to roots under drought, and greater root diametere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased allocation of dry matter to roots under drought, and greater root diameter, may also have influenced the ability of BC1 hybrids to maintain water uptake and key physiological processes”
e1“White clover (Trifolium repens L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors conclude hybridization with T. uniflorum improves white clover drought resistance.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Material
- T. uniflorume0
- Outcome
- drought resistancee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the drought resistance of white clover can be improved through hybridisation with T. uniflorum”
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