Abstract
The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years. Phytotoxicity of sprays was assessed in terms of fruit and leafdrop, fruityield and external fruitquality. Trees sprayed with any type of oil had lower pest numbers than unsprayed trees. On sweet orange, the heaviest oil was better than the normal farm practice at controlling chaff scale on fruit and red mite and whitefly on leaves. On pummelo it provided the best control of red mite on leaves. All three oils were as effective as the normal farm practice in control of rust mite on sweet orange fruit and leaves and red mite, rust mite and red scale on pummelo fruit. On sweet orange trees there was no evidence of phytotoxicity, and the external quality of fruit generally improved over time. On pummelo trees, oil sprays were unable to improve the external fruitquality. The number of pummelo per tree was reduced in three of the oil spray schedules in 1995 and one in 1996, but the total weight of fruit harvested per tree was unaffected.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Trees sprayed with any type of oil had lower pest numbers than unsprayed trees.
- Taxon
- sweet orange and pummelo
Citrus sinensis
Citrus maximae0 - Treatment
- any type of oile1
- Outcome
- pest numberse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Comparator
- unsprayed treese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e1“Trees sprayed with any type of oil had lower pest numbers than unsprayed trees”
Claim · model-written summary
The heaviest oil was better than normal farm practice at controlling chaff scale on sweet orange fruit.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise2
- Treatment
- heaviest oile2
- Interactor
- chaff scalee2pest
- Outcome
- controlling chaff scale on fruite2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- normal farm practicee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e2“On sweet orange, the heaviest oil was better than the normal farm practice at controlling chaff scale on fruit and red mite and whitefly on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The heaviest oil was better than normal farm practice at controlling red mite and whitefly on sweet orange leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise2
- Treatment
- heaviest oile2
- Interactor
- red mitee2pest
- Second interactor
- whiteflye2pest
- Outcome
- red mite and whitefly on leavese2
- Direction
- bettere2
- Comparator
- normal farm practicee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e2“On sweet orange, the heaviest oil was better than the normal farm practice at controlling chaff scale on fruit and red mite and whitefly on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The heaviest oil gave the best control of red mite on pummelo leaves.
- Taxon
- pummeloCitrus maximae3
- Treatment
- heaviest oile2
- Interactor
- red mitee3pest
- Outcome
- control of red mite on leavese3
- Direction
- beste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e2“On sweet orange, the heaviest oil was better than the normal farm practice at controlling chaff scale on fruit and red mite and whitefly on leaves”
e3“On pummelo it provided the best control of red mite on leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
All three oils were as effective as normal farm practice in controlling rust mite on sweet orange fruit and leaves.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise4
- Treatment
- All three oilse4
- Interactor
- rust mitee4pest
- Outcome
- control of rust mite on sweet orange fruit and leavese4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- normal farm practicee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e4“All three oils were as effective as the normal farm practice in control of rust mite on sweet orange fruit and leaves and red mite, rust mite and red scale on pummelo fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
All three oils were as effective as normal farm practice in controlling red mite and rust mite on pummelo fruit.
- Taxon
- pummeloCitrus maximae4
- Treatment
- All three oilse4
- Interactor
- red mitee4pest
- Second interactor
- rust mitee4pest
- Outcome
- red mite, rust mite and red scale on pummelo fruite4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- red scalee4
- Comparator
- normal farm practicee4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e4“All three oils were as effective as the normal farm practice in control of rust mite on sweet orange fruit and leaves and red mite, rust mite and red scale on pummelo fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
No evidence of phytotoxicity was found on sweet orange trees sprayed with oil.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise5
- Outcome
- phytotoxicitye5
- Qualifier
- no evidence ofe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e5“On sweet orange trees there was no evidence of phytotoxicity, and the external quality of fruit generally improved over time”
Claim · model-written summary
External fruit quality of sweet orange generally improved over time under oil sprays.
- Taxon
- sweet orangeCitrus sinensise5
- Outcome
- external quality of fruite5
- Direction
- improvede5
- Qualifier
- over timee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e5“On sweet orange trees there was no evidence of phytotoxicity, and the external quality of fruit generally improved over time”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil sprays were unable to improve the external fruit quality of pummelo.
- Taxon
- pummeloCitrus maximae6
- Outcome
- external fruitqualitye6
- Qualifier
- unable to improvee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e6“On pummelo trees, oil sprays were unable to improve the external fruitquality”
Claim · model-written summary
The number of pummelo fruit per tree was reduced in three of the oil spray schedules in 1995 and one in 1996.
- Taxon
- pummeloCitrus maximae7
- Treatment
- oil spray schedulese7
- Outcome
- number of pummelo per treee7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Qualifier
- in three of the oil spray schedules in 1995 and one in 1996e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The efficacy of pest control of three different oil formulations in multiple low-concentration spray programmes on sweet orange and pummelo were compared with unsprayed and normal farmer-treatments over three years”
e7“The number of pummelo per tree was reduced in three of the oil spray schedules in 1995 and one in 1996”
Claim · model-written summary
Oil sprays did not change the total weight of fruit harvested per pummelo tree.
- Taxon
- pummeloCitrus maximae6
- Treatment
- oil sprayse6
- Outcome
- total weight of fruit harvested per treee7
- Direction
- unaffectede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“On pummelo trees, oil sprays were unable to improve the external fruitquality”
e7“but the total weight of fruit harvested per tree was unaffected”
The same questions in other papers
application · growth · Citrus maxima (pummelo)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.