Abstract
The effects of tillage frequency (conventional, reduced and zero), primary tillage implement (disc, blade and chisel plough), stubble management (retention and removal), gypsum application, and paraplowing were examined with respect to soil water storage, soil nitrate accumulation, crop establishment, crop growth, grain yield and grain nitrogen content for 4 successive sorghum crops on a sodic, texture-contrast soil in south west Queensland. Retention of sorghum stubble (v. removal) produced an increase in mean yield of sorghum grain of 393 kg/ha, due to increased soil water extraction and increased water use efficiency by the following crop. The highest mean yield occurred after reduced blade tillage with stubble retained. Zero tillage with stubble removed gave the lowest mean grain yield. Zero tillage always had the lowest quantity of soil nitrate-nitrogen at sowing. In one fallow, increased aggressiveness of primary tillage (disc v. blade plough) increased the quantity of nitrate-nitrogen in the top 60 cm of soil at sowing. These effects on available soil nitrogen did not result in corresponding differences in grain nitrogen content. Results indicate that for optimum fallow management on this texture-contrast soil in south west Queensland, sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Retaining sorghum stubble increased mean sorghum grain yield by 393 kg/ha compared with stubble removal.
- Treatment
- Retention of sorghum stubblee0
- Outcome
- mean yield of sorghum graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 393 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- removale0
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e0“Retention of sorghum stubble (v. removal) produced an increase in mean yield of sorghum grain of 393 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Stubble retention raised sorghum yield through increased soil water extraction and water use efficiency by the following crop.
- Outcome
- mean yield of sorghum graine0
- Qualifier
- increased soil water extraction and increased water use efficiency by the following crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e0“Retention of sorghum stubble (v. removal) produced an increase in mean yield of sorghum grain of 393 kg/ha, due to increased soil water extraction and increased water use efficiency by the following crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced blade tillage with stubble retained gave the highest mean sorghum yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e2“The highest mean yield occurred after reduced blade tillage with stubble retained”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage with stubble removed gave the lowest mean sorghum grain yield.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e3“Zero tillage with stubble removed gave the lowest mean grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Zero tillage always had the lowest soil nitrate-nitrogen at sowing.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e4“Zero tillage always had the lowest quantity of soil nitrate-nitrogen at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
In one fallow, disc ploughing increased soil nitrate-nitrogen in the top 60 cm at sowing compared with blade ploughing.
- Treatment
- increased aggressiveness of primary tillagee5
- Outcome
- quantity of nitrate-nitrogen in the top 60 cm of soil at sowinge5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- blade ploughe5
- Setting
- In one fallowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e5“In one fallow, increased aggressiveness of primary tillage (disc v. blade plough) increased the quantity of nitrate-nitrogen in the top 60 cm of soil at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in available soil nitrogen did not change grain nitrogen content.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e6“These effects on available soil nitrogen did not result in corresponding differences in grain nitrogen content”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum residues should be retained.
- Outcome
- sorghum residues should be retainede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e7“sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised”
Claim · model-written summary
Tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero.
- Outcome
- tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zeroe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e7“sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised”
Claim · model-written summary
Blade ploughing should be preferred to discing.
- Outcome
- blade ploughing should be preferred to discinge7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e7“sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised”
Claim · model-written summary
Gypsum application should not be practised.
- Outcome
- gypsum application should not be practisede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Fallow management, soil water, plant-available soil nitrogen and grain sorghum production in south west Queensland”
e7“sorghum residues should be retained, tillage frequency should be reduced, but not to zero, blade ploughing should be preferred to discing, and gypsum application should not be practised”
The same questions in other papers
tillage · yield · SorghumResults differ
101 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
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- positive
- positive
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