Abstract
It is not clear whether alteration in grain yield due to application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) to cereal crops is caused by altered dry matter accumulation, changes in partitioning of dry matter into grain, or both. A 3‐yr field study was conducted using two widely grown spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars, Cadette and Leger, to evaluate the effects of chlormequat (CCC) (2‐chloroethyl‐ N,N,N ‐ trimethylammonium chloride) or ethephon (2‐chloroethyl phosphonic acid) on dry matter production and partitioning among plant parts during grain fill. The growth regulators were applied at three stages of crop development. The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989. Treatments consisted of application of CCC (1.2 kg a.i. ha −1 ) or ethephon (0.48 kg a.i. ha −1 ) at Zadoks growth stage (ZGS) 13, 30 and 39. Ethephon application at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in the nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths) in both 1988 and 1989, and decreased grain mass per spike (number of grains per spike and 1000‐ grain weight) in 1989. This resulted in a yield reduction in that year. In 1988, an increased grain mass per spike with ethephon resulted in improved grain yield. For Cadette, CCC treatment also increased dry matter accumulation in leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and chaff in 1988. Grain yield per square meter was also increased by a ZGS‐13 application in that year. In general, this work revealed that PGR application does not increase total dry matter accumulation on a per‐shoot basis, but does affect dry matter partitioning patterns, leading to alterations in grain yield that may be positive or negative depending on the conditions during a given crop year.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon applied at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in nongrain plant parts in both 1988 and 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Organ / stage
- nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths)e1
- Treatment
- Ethephon application at ZGSe1
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione1
- Direction
- enhancede1
- Qualifier
- in both 1988 and 1989e1
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e1“Ethephon application at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in the nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths) in both 1988 and 1989, and decreased grain mass per spike (number of grains per spike and 1000‐ grain weight) in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon applied at ZGS decreased the number of grains per spike in 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ethephon application at ZGSe1
- Outcome
- number of grains per spikee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- in 1989e1
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e1“Ethephon application at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in the nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths) in both 1988 and 1989, and decreased grain mass per spike (number of grains per spike and 1000‐ grain weight) in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon applied at ZGS decreased 1000-grain weight in 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ethephon application at ZGSe1
- Outcome
- 1000‐ grain weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- in 1989e1
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e1“Ethephon application at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in the nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths) in both 1988 and 1989, and decreased grain mass per spike (number of grains per spike and 1000‐ grain weight) in 1989”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon applied at ZGS reduced grain yield in 1989.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Ethephon application at ZGSe1
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Qualifier
- in that yeare2
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e1“Ethephon application at ZGS enhanced dry matter accumulation in the nongrain plant parts (chaff, culms, leaf blades, and leaf sheaths) in both 1988 and 1989, and decreased grain mass per spike (number of grains per spike and 1000‐ grain weight) in 1989”
e2“This resulted in a yield reduction in that year”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon in 1988 resulted in improved grain yield through an increased grain mass per spike.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ethephone3
- Outcome
- grain yielde3
- Direction
- improvede3
- Qualifier
- In 1988e3
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e3“In 1988, an increased grain mass per spike with ethephon resulted in improved grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon in 1988 increased grain mass per spike.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ethephone3
- Outcome
- grain mass per spikee3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- In 1988e3
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e3“In 1988, an increased grain mass per spike with ethephon resulted in improved grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
For cultivar Cadette, CCC increased dry matter accumulation in leaf blades, leaf sheaths and chaff in 1988.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Cadettee4
- Organ / stage
- leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and chaffe4
- Treatment
- CCC treatmente4
- Outcome
- dry matter accumulatione4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- in 1988e4
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e4“For Cadette, CCC treatment also increased dry matter accumulation in leaf blades, leaf sheaths, and chaff in 1988”
Claim · model-written summary
A ZGS-13 application increased grain yield per square meter in that year.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- ZGS‐13 applicatione5
- Outcome
- Grain yield per square metere5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- in that yeare5
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e5“Grain yield per square meter was also increased by a ZGS‐13 application in that year”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR application does not increase total dry matter accumulation on a per-shoot basis.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- PGR applicatione6
- Outcome
- total dry matter accumulatione6
- Direction
- does not increasee6
- Qualifier
- on a per‐shoot basise6
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e6“PGR application does not increase total dry matter accumulation on a per‐shoot basis, but does affect dry matter partitioning patterns, leading to alterations in grain yield that may be positive or negative depending on the conditions during a given crop year”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR application affects dry matter partitioning patterns in spring barley.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- PGR applicatione6
- Outcome
- dry matter partitioning patternse6
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e6“PGR application does not increase total dry matter accumulation on a per‐shoot basis, but does affect dry matter partitioning patterns, leading to alterations in grain yield that may be positive or negative depending on the conditions during a given crop year”
Claim · model-written summary
PGR application alters grain yield in spring barley in a direction that depends on crop-year conditions.
- Taxon
- spring barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- PGR applicatione6
- Outcome
- grain yielde6
- Qualifier
- depending on the conditions during a given crop yeare6
- Setting
- McGill University, Canadae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Spring Barley”
e0“The experiments were conducted on Bearbrook clay soil (fine, mixed, nonacid, Mesic Humaquept) at McGill University, Canada, from 1987 to 1989”
e6“PGR application does not increase total dry matter accumulation on a per‐shoot basis, but does affect dry matter partitioning patterns, leading to alterations in grain yield that may be positive or negative depending on the conditions during a given crop year”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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See all 40 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.