Abstract
Dymron [1‐(α,α‐dimethybenzyl)‐3‐( p ‐tolyl)urea] and fenclorim (4,6‐dichloro‐2‐phenylpyrimidine) were found to exhibit a safening activity on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor [2‐chloro‐2′,6′diethyl‐ N ‐(2‐propoxyethyl)acetanilide] injury. By pretilachlor treatment at 10 –6 and 10 –5 mol L –1 , the elongation of the third leaves of rice seedlings was reduced by approximately 20 and 40%, and that of the fourth leaves was reduced by approximately 40 and 80%, respectively. Upon the treatment of dymron at 3 × 10 –6 and 10 –5 mol L –1 in combination with pretilachlor, the growth inhibition was half alleviated in the third leaves, and the length of the fourth leaves was almost recovered from 10 –6 mol L ‐1 pretilachlor injury, and was 20–25% recovered from 10 –5 mol L –1 pretilachlor injury. Upon the treatment of fenclorim at 3 × 10 –6 and 10 –5 mol L –1 in combination with pretilachlor, the growth inhibition of rice seedlings was almost alleviated in both the third and the fourth leaves. This result indicated that dymron and fenclorim showed almost the same safening effect on the fourth leaf growth against 10 –6 mol L ‐1 pretilachlor injury, although fenclorim showed higher effects at higher concentrations of pretilachlor. Glutathione S ‐transferase (GST) activities in rice seedlings were investigated after being treated with a herbicide and safener. By pretilachlor treatment at 10 –6 and 10 –5 mol L –1 , the GST activity was approximately 32 and 72% increased in roots, respectively, and a little increased (7–13%) in shoots of two‐leaf‐stage rice seedlings. By dymron treatment at 3 × 10 –6 −10 –5 mol L –1 , the GST activity was 2–30% increased in roots, but was not increased in shoots. By their combination treatment, the GST activity was almost the same or less than that by treatment with pretilachlor alone. In contrast, by fenclorim treatment alone, the GST activity was 43–52 and 33–45% increased in roots and shoots of rice seedlings, respectively. By the combination treatment of pretilachlor and fenclorim, the GST activity was increased 73–126% in shoots and 101–139% in roots, and was much more increased in both shoots and roots compared with treatment of pretilachlor or fenclorim alone. It was found that dymron showed less effect in increasing the GST activity than fenclorim. It is also suggested that dymron did not increase the GST activity in shoots but did increase it slightly in roots, and showed almost no effect on GST increase by pretilachlor in shoots, or rather reduced the increase in roots. From the above results, fenclorim and dymron may have different mechanisms of safening effects on the protection of rice seedlings against pretilachlor injury.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron halved the growth inhibition by pretilachlor in third leaves of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Organ / stage
- third leavese4
- Treatment
- dymrone3
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione4
- Direction
- half alleviatede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e3“Upon the treatment of dymron”
e4“the growth inhibition was half alleviated in the third leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron almost recovered the length of fourth leaves of rice seedlings from 10-6 mol/L pretilachlor injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- fourth leavese5
- Treatment
- dymrone3
- Outcome
- length of the fourth leavese5
- Direction
- almost recoverede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e3“Upon the treatment of dymron”
e5“the length of the fourth leaves was almost recovered”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenclorim almost alleviated the growth inhibition by pretilachlor in both third and fourth leaves of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- the third and the fourth leavese7
- Treatment
- fenclorime6
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione7
- Direction
- almost alleviatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e6“Upon the treatment of fenclorim”
e7“the growth inhibition of rice seedlings was almost alleviated in both the third and the fourth leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron and fenclorim had almost the same safening effect on fourth-leaf growth at 10-6 mol/L pretilachlor; fenclorim gave higher effects at higher pretilachlor concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- fourth leafe1
- Treatment
- dymron and fenclorime1
- Outcome
- safening effect on the fourth leaf growthe1
- Direction
- almost the samee1
- Qualifier
- fenclorim showed higher effects at higher concentrations of pretilachlore2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“dymron and fenclorim showed almost the same safening effect on the fourth leaf growth”
e2“fenclorim showed higher effects at higher concentrations of pretilachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron increased GST activity in roots of rice seedlings by 2-30%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- dymrone3
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 2–30%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e3“Upon the treatment of dymron”
e1“the GST activity was 2–30% increased in roots, but was not increased in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron did not increase GST activity in shoots of rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- dymrone3
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- was not increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e3“Upon the treatment of dymron”
e1“the GST activity was 2–30% increased in roots, but was not increased in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of dymron and pretilachlor gave GST activity almost the same as or lower than pretilachlor alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combination treatmente1
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- almost the same or lesse1
- Comparator
- treatment with pretilachlor alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“By their combination treatment, the GST activity was almost the same or less than that by treatment with pretilachlor alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenclorim alone increased GST activity in roots of rice seedlings by 43-52%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- fenclorim treatment alonee1
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 43–52e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“by fenclorim treatment alone, the GST activity was 43–52 and 33–45% increased in roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenclorim alone increased GST activity in shoots of rice seedlings by 33-45%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- fenclorim treatment alonee1
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 33–45%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“by fenclorim treatment alone, the GST activity was 43–52 and 33–45% increased in roots and shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of pretilachlor and fenclorim increased GST activity in shoots by 73-126%, more than either alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse1
- Treatment
- combination treatment of pretilachlor and fenclorime2
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 73–126%e1
- Comparator
- treatment of pretilachlor or fenclorim alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“the GST activity was increased 73–126% in shoots and 101–139% in roots”
e2“By the combination treatment of pretilachlor and fenclorim”
e3“compared with treatment of pretilachlor or fenclorim alone”
Claim · model-written summary
The combination of pretilachlor and fenclorim increased GST activity in roots by 101-139%, more than either alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- combination treatment of pretilachlor and fenclorime2
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 101–139%e1
- Comparator
- treatment of pretilachlor or fenclorim alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“the GST activity was increased 73–126% in shoots and 101–139% in roots”
e2“By the combination treatment of pretilachlor and fenclorim”
e3“compared with treatment of pretilachlor or fenclorim alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Dymron showed less effect than fenclorim in increasing GST activity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- dymrone1
- Outcome
- GST activitye1
- Direction
- less effecte1
- Comparator
- fenclorime1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“It was found that dymron showed less effect in increasing the GST activity than fenclorim”
Claim · model-written summary
Fenclorim and dymron may act through different mechanisms of safening against pretilachlor injury.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Outcome
- safening effectse1
- Qualifier
- different mechanismse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“on the growth of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) seedlings against pretilachlor”
e1“fenclorim and dymron may have different mechanisms of safening effects on the protection of rice seedlings against pretilachlor injury”
The same questions in other papers
Fenclorim · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Fenclorim · disease · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.