Abstract
Four field trials were conducted during the years 2006 and 2007 at Owo, the forestsavanna transition zone in southwest Nigeria, to study the effect of poultry manure (PM), NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure on the growth and yield of tomato. Seven treatments were applied to the soil: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure , 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure. These were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments were compared on the basis of their effect on soil chemical properties, leaf nutrient content, growth and yield of tomato. All levels of poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levels. The soil chemical properties except pH increased with amount of poultry manure. NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone did not increase the soil and leaf Ca and Mg. All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly. Among poultry manure levels, 30 t ha -1 poultry manure gave the highest fruit yield. Among the seven treatments, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure gave the highest yield. On an average over the two years, 10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively. Results revealed that poultry manure is a suitable source of nutrients for tomato especially if applied at 30 t ha -1 in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria. The combined use of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and poultry manure increased tomato yield compared to the application of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer or poultry manure alone and is therefore recommended for sustainable productivity. In addition, lesser quantities of poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer would be required, therefore, reducing the amount of money spent on chemical fertilizer.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
All poultry manure levels increased tomato leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- All levels of poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levels”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and manure increased tomato leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg levels”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil chemical properties except pH increased with manure amount.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- soil chemical properties except pHe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil chemical properties except pH increased with amount of poultry manure”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK alone did not increase soil or leaf Ca and Mg.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alonee0
- Outcome
- soil and leaf Ca and Mge0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone did not increase the soil and leaf Ca and Mg”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure levels significantly increased leaf number, height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- All levels of poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, plant height, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK alone significantly increased leaf number, height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alonee0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, plant height, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and manure significantly increased leaf number, height and leaf area.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- number of leaves, plant height, leaf areae0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure levels significantly increased fruit number and weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- All levels of poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- number of fruits and fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
NPK alone significantly increased fruit number and weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alonee0
- Outcome
- number of fruits and fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and manure significantly increased fruit number and weight.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- number of fruits and fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All levels of poultry manure, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure increased the number of leaves, plant height, leaf area, number of fruits and fruit weight significantly”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Among manure rates, 30 t ha -1 gave the highest fruit yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 30 t ha -1 poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- poultry manure levelse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among poultry manure levels, 30 t ha -1 poultry manure gave the highest fruit yield”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Among seven treatments, combined fertilizer and manure gave the highest yield.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Comparator
- seven treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among the seven treatments, NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + poultry manure gave the highest yield”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
10 t ha -1 manure increased fruit weight by 19%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
20 t ha -1 manure increased fruit weight by 36%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
30 t ha -1 manure increased fruit weight by 51%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
40 t ha -1 manure increased fruit weight by 14%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 40 t ha -1 poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
300 kg ha -1 NPK increased fruit weight by 20%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alonee0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined NPK and manure increased fruit weight by 83%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- fruit weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 83%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10, 20, 30, 40 t ha -1 poultry manure, 300 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer alone and 150 kg ha -1 NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer + 10 t ha -1 poultry manure treatments increased fruit weight by 19, 36, 51, 14, 20 and 83%, respectively”
t0“tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend manure at 30 t ha -1 for tomato nutrition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 30 t ha -1e0
- Outcome
- poultry manure is a suitable source of nutrientse0
- Setting
- southwest Nigeriae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“poultry manure is a suitable source of nutrients for tomato especially if applied at 30 t ha -1 in the forest-savanna transition zone of southwest Nigeria”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend combined NPK and manure for sustainable tomato productivity.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- combined use of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and poultry manuree0
- Outcome
- recommended for sustainable productivitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The combined use of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer and poultry manure increased tomato yield compared to the application of NPK 15-15-15 fertilizer or poultry manure alone and is therefore recommended for sustainable productivity”
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