Abstract
SUMMARY Combinations of treatments of cattle slurry, which have previously been shown to have lowered ammonia volatilization by 75% of that from whole slurry, were compared in a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990. Whole slurry and slurries obtained by separation through screens with mesh sizes of 5·0, 3·0, 1·1 and 0·4mm were acidified with 1·4% by volume of 10M nitric acid. Slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes were diluted 100% and 50% respectively by volume with water and amended with calcium nitrate to supply the same amount of nitrogen as the nitric acid. All slurry combinations were surface-applied at 100 kg (NH 4 + -N + NO 3 − -N)/ha to different plots on three occasions during the growing season. Volatilization of ammonia was measured on adjacent plots using ventilated enclosures. By comparison with inorganic fertilizer treatments, assessments were made of the efficiency of slurry nitrogen for herbage production, the fertilizer value of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur in the slurry, and the effects of slurry on silage quality. The mean ammonia volatilization over all applications of acidified slurries was 17% of that from whole slurry. The two separation plus dilution treatments, however, only lowered volatilization to about half of that from whole slurry. Within separation plus acidification treatments, the trend was for dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake to increase as mesh size decreased down to 1.1 mm. For slurries separated through 5·0 and 0·4 mm meshes, the effect of the additional dilution treatment on dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake was similar to the effect of acidification. Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over all three cuts, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, was 54% for acidified whole slurry and 88% for slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidified. Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solids may have been responsible for lowering nitrogen efficiency. Chemical analyses of herbage showed that the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur from the slurry treatments were comparable to those in herbage receiving the recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers and were sufficient for optimum yield. Slurry application had a detrimental effect on the fermentation quality of the ensiled herbage. Chemical analyses indicated that fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut and all slurry treatments at the third cut were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Acidified slurries reduced ammonia volatilization to 17% of that from whole slurry (mean over applications).
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrass
Lolium perennee0 - Treatment
- acidified slurriese1
- Outcome
- ammonia volatilizatione1
- Direction
- lowerinferrede1
- Value
- 17%e1
- Comparator
- whole slurrye1
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e1“The mean ammonia volatilization over all applications of acidified slurries was 17% of that from whole slurry”
Claim · model-written summary
The two separation plus dilution treatments lowered ammonia volatilization only to about half of that from whole slurry.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- separation plus dilution treatmentse2
- Outcome
- volatilizatione2
- Direction
- lowerede2
- Value
- about halfe2
- Comparator
- whole slurrye2
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e2“The two separation plus dilution treatments, however, only lowered volatilization to about half of that from whole slurry”
Claim · model-written summary
Within separation plus acidification treatments, dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake tended to increase as mesh size decreased down to 1.1 mm.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- mesh sizee3
- Outcome
- dry matter yield and nitrogen offtakee3
- Direction
- increasee3
- Qualifier
- the trend wase3
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e3“the trend was for dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake to increase as mesh size decreased down to 1.1 mm”
Claim · model-written summary
The additional dilution treatment had a similar effect on dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake as acidification.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- additional dilution treatmente4
- Outcome
- dry matter yield and nitrogen offtakee4
- Direction
- similare4
- Comparator
- acidificatione4
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e4“the effect of the additional dilution treatment on dry matter yield and nitrogen offtake was similar to the effect of acidification”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over three cuts was 54% for acidified whole slurry relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- acidified whole slurrye5
- Outcome
- Efficiency of nitrogen offtakee5
- Value
- 54%e5
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer nitrogene5
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e5“Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over all three cuts, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, was 54% for acidified whole slurry”
Claim · model-written summary
Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over three cuts was 88% for slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidified, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidifiede6
- Outcome
- Efficiency of nitrogen offtakee5
- Value
- 88%e6
- Comparator
- inorganic fertilizer nitrogene5
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e5“Efficiency of nitrogen offtake over all three cuts, relative to inorganic fertilizer nitrogen, was 54% for acidified whole slurry”
e6“88% for slurry separated through a 1·1 mm mesh and acidified”
Claim · model-written summary
Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solids may have lowered nitrogen efficiency.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Outcome
- nitrogen efficiencye7
- Qualifier
- Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solidse7
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e7“Denitrification in nitric-acid amended slurries and sward contamination from slurry solids may have been responsible for lowering nitrogen efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
Herbage phosphorus, potassium and sulphur concentrations under slurry treatments were comparable to those under recommended inorganic fertilizer rates and sufficient for optimum yield.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- slurry treatmentse1
- Outcome
- concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and sulphure1
- Direction
- comparablee1
- Qualifier
- sufficient for optimum yielde2
- Comparator
- herbage receiving the recommended rates of inorganic fertilizerse1
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e1“the concentrations of phosphorus, potassium and sulphur from the slurry treatments were comparable to those in herbage receiving the recommended rates of inorganic fertilizers”
e2“were sufficient for optimum yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Slurry application had a detrimental effect on the fermentation quality of the ensiled herbage.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- Slurry applicatione1
- Outcome
- fermentation quality of the ensiled herbagee1
- Direction
- detrimental effecte1
- Comparator
- treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogene2
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e1“Slurry application had a detrimental effect on the fermentation quality of the ensiled herbage”
e2“were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut were poorer than those on inorganic fertilizer N treatments.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- two slurry treatments at the first cute1
- Outcome
- fermentationse1
- Direction
- poorere2
- Comparator
- treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogene2
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e1“fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut”
e2“were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Fermentations from all slurry treatments at the third cut were poorer than those on inorganic fertilizer N treatments.
- Taxon
- perennial ryegrassLolium perennee0
- Treatment
- all slurry treatments at the third cute2
- Outcome
- fermentationse1
- Direction
- poorere3
- Comparator
- treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogene3
- Setting
- Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsboroughe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a field experiment with perennial ryegrass at the Agricultural Research Institute, Hillsborough in 1990”
e1“fermentations from two slurry treatments at the first cut”
e2“all slurry treatments at the third cut”
e3“were poorer than those on treatments receiving the equivalent rate of inorganic fertilizer nitrogen”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: general · Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.