Abstract
Success in biological control of plant diseases remains inconsistent in the field. A collection of well-characterized Streptomyces antagonists (n = 19 isolates) was tested for their capacities to inhibit pathogenic Streptomyces scabies (n = 15 isolates). There was significant variation among antagonists in ability to inhibit pathogen isolates and among pathogens in their susceptibility to inhibition. Only one antagonist could inhibit all pathogens, and antagonist-pathogen interactions were highly specific, highlighting the limitations of single-strain inoculum in biological control. However, the collection of pathogens could be inhibited by several combinations of antagonists, suggesting the potential for successful antagonist mixtures. Urea generally increased effectiveness of antagonists at inhibiting pathogens in vitro (increased mean inhibition zones) but its specific effects varied among antagonist-pathogen combinations. In greenhouse trials, urea enhanced the effectiveness of antagonist mixtures relative to individual antagonists in controlling potato scab. Although antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistic in the absence of urea, all n= 2 and n = 3 antagonist-isolate combinations were synergistic in the presence of urea. This work provides insights into the efficacy of single- versus multiple-strain inocula in biological control and on the potential for nutrients to influence mixture success.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Antagonists varied significantly in ability to inhibit pathogen isolates.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosumt0 - Interactor
- pathogen isolatese0pathogen
- Outcome
- ability to inhibit pathogen isolatese0
- Direction
- variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There was significant variation among antagonists in ability to inhibit pathogen isolates”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Pathogen isolates varied significantly in susceptibility to inhibition.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogens in their susceptibility to inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“among pathogens in their susceptibility to inhibition”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Only one antagonist inhibited every pathogen isolate.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- inhibit all pathogense0
- Value
- onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Only one antagonist could inhibit all pathogens”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Several antagonist combinations inhibited the pathogen collection.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- pathogens could be inhibitede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the collection of pathogens could be inhibited by several combinations of antagonists”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
Urea generally increased antagonist inhibition zones in vitro, with combination-specific variation.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Treatment
- Ureae0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- mean inhibition zonese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea generally increased effectiveness of antagonists at inhibiting pathogens in vitro (increased mean inhibition zones) but its specific effects varied among antagonist-pathogen combinations.”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
In greenhouse trials urea made antagonist mixtures more effective than individual antagonists against potato scab.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- ureae0
- Outcome
- controlling potato scabe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- individual antagonistse0
- Setting
- greenhouse trialse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse trials, urea enhanced the effectiveness of antagonist mixtures relative to individual antagonists in controlling potato scab.”
Claim · model-written summary
Without urea antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistic.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistice0
- Qualifier
- absence of ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“antagonist mixtures were frequently antagonistic in the absence of urea”
t0“controlling potato scab”
Claim · model-written summary
With urea all two- and three-isolate antagonist combinations were synergistic.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosumt0
- Outcome
- antagonist-isolate combinations were synergistice0
- Qualifier
- presence of ureae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all n= 2 and n = 3 antagonist-isolate combinations were synergistic in the presence of urea”
t0“controlling potato scab”
The same questions in other papers
nitrogen · disease · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
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See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.