Abstract
Abstract Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) is a new crop in the Southern High Plains. It was grown on Pullman clay loam (Torrertic Paleustoll) in an experiment designed to determine the effects of N, plant population, and row spacing on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake. Fertility treatments were 0, 84, and 168 kg N/ha and residue from three annual applications of 22 and 67 metric tons of manure/ha (wet wt.). Populations of 37, 62, and 99 thousand plants/ha were grown in a bed‐furrow irrigation system in two row spacings (one and two rows 30 cm apart) per bed. Beds were spaced 1 m apart. The crop was irrigated to provide adequate water. Beginning about 7 weeks after planting, samples were taken at 2‐week intervals for dry matter yields and chemical analyses. Seed and oil yields were taken at maturity. In 1975, the seed yield on the unfertilized treatment was 1,950 kg/ha, whereas all other treatments produced similar yields averaging 2,850 kg/ha. In 1976, yields were similar on the unfertilized and inorganic N treatments (avg. 2,000 kg/ha) and similar on the manure treatments (avg. 2,330 kg/ha). Lower sunflower yield in 1976 than in 1975 is attributed to higher temperatures during the seed filling period in 1976. Both N fertilizer and manure reduced oil percentage in seed. Even though statistically significant effects were found in 1975, yields were not affected to a large degree by differential row spacings and plant population treatments. Dry matter and nutrient yield curves showed that adequately fertilized sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha. The 84 kg N/ha rate supplied sufficient N for maximum sunflower yields. Apparently, manure supplied some needed element or condition not supplied by inorganic N. That factor was not identified. Plant populations from 37 to 99 thousand/ha gave satisfactory yields.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
In 1975 fertilized treatments yielded about 2850 kg/ha versus 1950 kg/ha without fertilizer.
- Taxon
- Sunflower
Helianthus annuuse1 - Treatment
- all other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 2,850 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1,950 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- unfertilized treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1975, the seed yield on the unfertilized treatment was 1,950 kg/ha, whereas all other treatments produced similar yields averaging 2,850 kg/ha.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1976 manure treatments yielded about 2330 kg/ha versus 2000 kg/ha for unfertilized and inorganic nitrogen treatments.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- manure treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- higherinferrede0
- Value
- 2,330 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 2,000 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- unfertilized and inorganic N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In 1976, yields were similar on the unfertilized and inorganic N treatments (avg. 2,000 kg/ha) and similar on the manure treatments (avg. 2,330 kg/ha).”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower yield was lower in 1976 than in 1975, attributed to hotter seed filling conditions.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Organ / stage
- seed filling periode0
- Outcome
- sunflower yielde0
- Direction
- Lowere0
- Qualifier
- higher temperaturese0
Not reportedSetting
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lower sunflower yield in 1976 than in 1975 is attributed to higher temperatures during the seed filling period in 1976.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer reduced seed oil percentage.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- N fertilizere0
- Outcome
- oil percentage in seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both N fertilizer and manure reduced oil percentage in seed.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure reduced seed oil percentage.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- oil percentage in seede0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both N fertilizer and manure reduced oil percentage in seed.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Row spacing and population differences had small effects on yield despite significant effects in 1975.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- differential row spacings and plant population treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Even though statistically significant effects were found in 1975, yields were not affected to a large degree by differential row spacings and plant population treatments.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower produced about 10 metric tons dry matter per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- dry mattere0
- Value
- 10 metric tons of dry matter/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“adequately fertilized sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower dry matter contained 200 kg N per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Ne0
- Value
- 200 kg Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower dry matter contained 35 kg P per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Pe0
- Value
- 35 kg Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower dry matter contained 450 kg K per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Ke0
- Value
- 450 kg Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower dry matter contained 180 kg Ca per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Cae0
- Value
- 180 kg Cae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequately fertilized sunflower dry matter contained 45 kg Mg per hectare.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Mge0
- Value
- 45 kg Mg/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sunflower produced about 10 metric tons of dry matter/ha containing 200 kg N, 35 kg P, 450 kg K, 180 kg Ca, and 45 kg Mg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
A nitrogen rate of 84 kg/ha was sufficient for maximum sunflower yields.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- 84 kg N/ha rate supplied sufficient N for maximum sunflower yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 84 kg N/ha rate supplied sufficient N for maximum sunflower yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Manure apparently supplied an unidentified needed element or condition beyond inorganic nitrogen.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Treatment
- manuree0
- Outcome
- some needed element or conditione0
- Qualifier
- That factor was not identifiede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apparently, manure supplied some needed element or condition not supplied by inorganic N. That factor was not identified.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant populations from 37 to 99 thousand per hectare gave satisfactory yields.
- Taxon
- SunflowerHelianthus annuuse1
- Outcome
- Plant populations from 37 to 99 thousand/ha gave satisfactory yieldse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Plant populations from 37 to 99 thousand/ha gave satisfactory yields.”
e1“Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.)”
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fertilization · quality: oil · Helianthus annuus (common sunflower)Results differ
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343 papers in the same direction as this paper · 18 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 365 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.