Abstract
Potato plants can be colonized by various viruses and by symbiotic, saprophytic and pathogenic fungi. However, the significance of interactions of viral infection and fungal colonization is hardly known. This work presents a model experiment in which the influence of three different types of fungal associations on the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol was tested individually or in combination with infection by PVY. It was hypothesized that simultaneous viral and fungal infections increase the biotic stress of the host plant, but mutualistic plant-fungal associations can mask the impact of viral infection. In the present study, a symbiotic arbsucular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, significantly stimulated the growth of plants infected with PVY. In contrast, two saprophytic Trichoderma spp. strains either did not influence or even inhibited the growth of PVY-infected plants. Also, inoculation of PVY-infected potato plants with a pathogenic strain of Colletotrichum coccodes did not inhibit the plant growth. Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas T. viride, T. harzianum and C. coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect. The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H2O2, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with T. harzianum and C. coccodes strains. Surprisingly, ultrastructural analysis of PVY-infected plant roots colonized by G. intraradices showed virus-like structures in the arbuscules. This pointed to the possibility of mycorrhizal-mediated transmission of virus particles and has to be further examined by testing with immunoassays and real transmission to uninfected plants. In conclusion, although mycorrhiza formation might decrease the impact of PVY infection on plants, a possible role of mycorrhizal fungi as virus vectors is discussed.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Glomus intraradices significantly stimulated the growth of potato plants infected with PVY.
- Taxon
- potato
Solanum tuberosume0 - Treatment
- Glomus intraradicese1
- Interactor
- PVY
Potato virus Ye1pathogen - Second interactor
- Glomus intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- growthe1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol”
e1“a symbiotic arbsucular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, significantly stimulated the growth of plants infected with PVY”
Claim · model-written summary
Two saprophytic Trichoderma spp. strains did not influence or inhibited the growth of PVY-infected potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Treatment
- two saprophytic Trichoderma spp. strainse2
- Interactor
- PVYPotato virus Ye2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Trichoderma spp.
Trichodermae2other - Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol”
e2“two saprophytic Trichoderma spp. strains either did not influence or even inhibited the growth of PVY-infected plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum coccodes inoculation did not inhibit the growth of PVY-infected potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume3
- Treatment
- pathogenic strain of Colletotrichum coccodese3
- Interactor
- PVYPotato virus Ye3pathogen
- Second interactor
- Colletotrichum coccodes
Colletotrichum coccodese3pathogen - Outcome
- plant growthe3
- Direction
- did not inhibite3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“inoculation of PVY-infected potato plants with a pathogenic strain of Colletotrichum coccodes did not inhibit the plant growth”
Claim · model-written summary
The symbiotic fungus did not promote the growth of PVY-free potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- the symbiotic funguse4
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- was not promotede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas T. viride, T. harzianum and C. coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma viride had an evident inhibitory effect on the growth of PVY-free potato plants.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume4
- Treatment
- T. viridee4
- Interactor
- T. viride
Trichoderma viridee4other - Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas T. viride, T. harzianum and C. coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum had an evident inhibitory effect on the growth of PVY-free potato plants, with the strongest growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Treatment
- T. harzianume4
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume4other
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte4
- Qualifier
- strongest growth inhibitione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas T. viride, T. harzianum and C. coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect”
e5“The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H2O2, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with T. harzianum and C. coccodes strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect on the growth of PVY-free potato plants, with the strongest growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Treatment
- C. coccodese4
- Interactor
- C. coccodesColletotrichum coccodese4pathogene3
- Outcome
- Growthe4
- Direction
- inhibitory effecte4
- Qualifier
- strongest growth inhibitione5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“inoculation of PVY-infected potato plants with a pathogenic strain of Colletotrichum coccodes did not inhibit the plant growth”
e4“Growth of the PVY-free potato plants was not promoted by the symbiotic fungus, whereas T. viride, T. harzianum and C. coccodes had an evident inhibitory effect”
e5“The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H2O2, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with T. harzianum and C. coccodes strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma harzianum in PVY-free potato plants gave the highest concentration of H2O2, a biotic-stress indicator.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Treatment
- T. harzianume5
- Interactor
- T. harzianumTrichoderma harzianume5other
- Outcome
- highest concentration of H2O2e5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H2O2, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with T. harzianum and C. coccodes strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Colletotrichum coccodes in PVY-free potato plants gave the highest concentration of H2O2, a biotic-stress indicator.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume5
- Treatment
- C. coccodese5
- Interactor
- C. coccodesColletotrichum coccodese5pathogene3
- Outcome
- highest concentration of H2O2e5
- Direction
- higheste5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“inoculation of PVY-infected potato plants with a pathogenic strain of Colletotrichum coccodes did not inhibit the plant growth”
e5“The strongest growth inhibition and highest concentration of H2O2, as an indicator of biotic stress, was observed in PVY-free potato plants inoculated with T. harzianum and C. coccodes strains”
Claim · model-written summary
Virus-like structures were found in the arbuscules of PVY-infected potato roots colonized by Glomus intraradices.
- Taxon
- potatoSolanum tuberosume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Interactor
- PVYPotato virus Ye6pathogen
- Second interactor
- G. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese6symbiont
- Outcome
- virus-like structures in the arbusculese6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the growth and physiology of the potato variety Pirol”
e6“ultrastructural analysis of PVY-infected plant roots colonized by G. intraradices showed virus-like structures in the arbuscules”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma viride · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results differ
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Rhizophagus intraradices · Potato virus Y · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Trichoderma harzianum · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Colletotrichum coccodes · growth · Solanum tuberosum (potato)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.