Abstract
Abstract Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment with two‐thirds applied as labeled 15 N urea at 15 days after transplanting (DAT) and one‐third (not labeled) at 42 DAT to determine the effect of the urease inhibitors phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPDA) and N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on urea hydrolysis, plant uptake, yield, and loss of fertilizer N. An acidifying agent [Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ] and an algicide were used to reduce the floodwater pH and thus slow the degradation of PPDA, keeping it effective for a longer period. Algicide addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA inhibition by about 2 days and increased plant uptake and grain yield significantly over that with urea use alone. Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA only about 1 day, increased N uptake slightly, but failed to increase grain yield. NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis, more than doubled plant uptake over that with urea alone, and increased grain yield by 38%. Percolation at 0.5 cm per day caused plant N uptake to increase by about 6% in all treatments but it was not essential for the inhibitors to have a beneficial effect. For the first split application, fertilizer losses of 50% from urea were decreased to about 10% by use of NBPT and to 28% with PPDA alone, and by combination of PPDA with the algicide losses were 22%.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Algicide addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA inhibition by about 2 days.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Algicide additione1
- Compound
- PPDAe1
- Outcome
- effectiveness of PPDA inhibitione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
- Value
- about 2 dayse1
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Algicide addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA inhibition by about 2 days and increased plant uptake and grain yield significantly over that with urea use alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Algicide addition with PPDA significantly increased rice plant N uptake and grain yield over urea alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Algicide additione1
- Outcome
- plant uptake and grain yielde1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Comparator
- urea use alonee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e1“Algicide addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA inhibition by about 2 days and increased plant uptake and grain yield significantly over that with urea use alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Al2(SO4)3 addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA by only about 1 day.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 additione2
- Outcome
- effectiveness of PPDAe2
- Direction
- increaseinferrede2
- Value
- about 1 daye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e2“Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA only about 1 day, increased N uptake slightly, but failed to increase grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Al2(SO4)3 addition slightly increased plant N uptake.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 additione2
- Outcome
- N uptakee2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Qualifier
- slightlye2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e2“Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA only about 1 day, increased N uptake slightly, but failed to increase grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Al2(SO4)3 addition failed to increase rice grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 additione2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- failed to increasee2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e2“Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3 addition extended the effectiveness of PPDA only about 1 day, increased N uptake slightly, but failed to increase grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NBPTe3
- Outcome
- urea hydrolysise3
- Direction
- slowede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e3“NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis, more than doubled plant uptake over that with urea alone, and increased grain yield by 38%”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT more than doubled rice plant N uptake over urea alone.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NBPTe3
- Outcome
- plant uptakee3
- Direction
- more than doublede3
- Comparator
- urea alonee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e3“NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis, more than doubled plant uptake over that with urea alone, and increased grain yield by 38%”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT increased rice grain yield by 38%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e3“NBPT effectively slowed urea hydrolysis, more than doubled plant uptake over that with urea alone, and increased grain yield by 38%”
Claim · model-written summary
Percolation at 0.5 cm per day increased plant N uptake by about 6% in all treatments.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Percolation at 0.5 cm per daye4
- Outcome
- plant N uptakee4
- Direction
- increasee4
- Value
- about 6%e4
- Qualifier
- in all treatmentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e4“Percolation at 0.5 cm per day caused plant N uptake to increase by about 6% in all treatments but it was not essential for the inhibitors to have a beneficial effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Percolation was not essential for the beneficial effect of the urease inhibitors.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Percolation at 0.5 cm per daye4
- Outcome
- beneficial effecte4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Qualifier
- not essentiale4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e4“Percolation at 0.5 cm per day caused plant N uptake to increase by about 6% in all treatments but it was not essential for the inhibitors to have a beneficial effect”
Claim · model-written summary
NBPT decreased fertilizer N losses from urea in the first split application to about 10%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- NBPTe5
- Outcome
- fertilizer lossese5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- about 10%e5
- Qualifier
- For the first split applicatione5
- Comparator
- ureae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e5“For the first split application, fertilizer losses of 50% from urea were decreased to about 10% by use of NBPT and to 28% with PPDA alone, and by combination of PPDA with the algicide losses were 22%”
Claim · model-written summary
PPDA alone decreased fertilizer N losses from urea in the first split application to 28%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- PPDA alonee5
- Outcome
- fertilizer lossese5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Value
- 28%e5
- Comparator
- ureae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e5“For the first split application, fertilizer losses of 50% from urea were decreased to about 10% by use of NBPT and to 28% with PPDA alone, and by combination of PPDA with the algicide losses were 22%”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined PPDA and algicide decreased fertilizer N losses from urea to 22%.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- combination of PPDA with the algicidee5
- Outcome
- fertilizer lossese5
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede5
- Value
- 22%e5
- Comparator
- ureae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Urea was split applied to transplanted rice in a greenhouse experiment”
e5“For the first split application, fertilizer losses of 50% from urea were decreased to about 10% by use of NBPT and to 28% with PPDA alone, and by combination of PPDA with the algicide losses were 22%”
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