Abstract
Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage and fermentation characteristics for silage. Treatments consisted of 12 combinations of rate and timing of spring N. Rates were 0, 40, 80, and 120 lb N/acre. Nitrogen was applied at Zadoks growth stage (GS) 25, 30, and 45 (tillering, pre‐jointing, and heading, respectively) in either single or split applications. Rate and timing of N application increased forage dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) but had no significant affect on NO 3 , neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations. Application at a rate of 120 lb N/acre increased yields of DM and CP both years. The greatest influence of N fertilization on CP was associated with application at GS 30. Split N applications generally increased DM yields and quality. Ensiling at the soft dough stage (30–35% DM) resulted in a final mean silage pH of 5.54 with no apparent treatment effects due to N application. When ensiled at the hard dough stage (45–48% DM), poor compaction resulted in frequent surface mold. Acid production and pH were influenced by the DM content of forages ensiled which was related to N application. Results demonstrate that spring N management can increase DM and CP yields with no detrimental effect on silage fermentation.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and timing of spring N application increased barley forage dry matter yields.
- Taxon
- barley
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Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Rate and timing of N applicatione1
- Outcome
- forage dry matter (DM) yieldse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e1“Rate and timing of N application increased forage dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) but had no significant affect on NO 3 , neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and timing of spring N application increased barley crude protein.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Rate and timing of N applicatione1
- Outcome
- crude protein (CP)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e1“Rate and timing of N application increased forage dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) but had no significant affect on NO 3 , neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and timing of spring N application had no significant effect on barley forage NO 3 concentration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Rate and timing of N applicatione1
- Outcome
- NO 3e1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e1“Rate and timing of N application increased forage dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) but had no significant affect on NO 3 , neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Rate and timing of spring N application had no significant effect on barley neutral detergent fiber or acid detergent fiber concentrations.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Rate and timing of N applicatione1
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrationse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e1“Rate and timing of N application increased forage dry matter (DM) yields and crude protein (CP) but had no significant affect on NO 3 , neutral detergent fiber (NDF), or acid detergent fiber (ADF) concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Application at GS 30 had the greatest influence on barley forage crude protein.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- application at GS 30e2
- Outcome
- CPe2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e2“The greatest influence of N fertilization on CP was associated with application at GS 30”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 120 lb N/acre increased barley forage DM and CP yields in both years.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Application at a rate of 120 lb N/acree3
- Outcome
- yields of DM and CPe3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- both yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e3“Application at a rate of 120 lb N/acre increased yields of DM and CP both years”
Claim · model-written summary
Split spring N applications generally increased barley forage DM yields and quality.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- Split N applicationse4
- Outcome
- DM yields and qualitye4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- generallye4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e4“Split N applications generally increased DM yields and quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Ensiling at the soft dough stage gave a final mean silage pH of 5.54.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Outcome
- final mean silage pHe5
- Value
- 5.54e5
- Qualifier
- soft dough stage (30–35% DM)e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e5“Ensiling at the soft dough stage (30–35% DM) resulted in a final mean silage pH of 5.54 with no apparent treatment effects due to N application”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring N application had no apparent effect on silage pH.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- N applicatione5
- Outcome
- silage pHe5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e5“Ensiling at the soft dough stage (30–35% DM) resulted in a final mean silage pH of 5.54 with no apparent treatment effects due to N application”
Claim · model-written summary
Poor compaction of barley ensiled at the hard dough stage resulted in frequent surface mold.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Organ / stage
- hard dough stage (45–48% DM)e6
- Outcome
- frequent surface molde6
- Qualifier
- poor compactione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e6“When ensiled at the hard dough stage (45–48% DM), poor compaction resulted in frequent surface mold”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid production and pH of barley silage were influenced by the dry matter content of the ensiled forage.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- DM content of forages ensilede7
- Outcome
- Acid production and pHe7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e7“Acid production and pH were influenced by the DM content of forages ensiled which was related to N application”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring N management had no detrimental effect on barley silage fermentation.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree0
- Treatment
- spring N managemente6
- Outcome
- silage fermentatione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field experiments were conducted between 1983 and 1985 to determine the effects of rate and time of spring N application on yields and composition of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) forage”
e6“Results demonstrate that spring N management can increase DM and CP yields with no detrimental effect on silage fermentation”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.