Abstract
Field experiments on flue-cured tobacco were conducted in North Carolina during 1964--69 to determine the effects of certain treatment variables on control of Heliothis virescens (F.) with insecticides applied mechanically. No significant differences in crop protection were found among (I) treatments of 0.75 pounds per acre of endosulfan and 1.5 pounds of carbaryl, DDT, and TDE; (2) 0.75-, 1.5-, and 3.0-pound rates of TDE; (3) wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, ultra-low volume, dust, and bait formulations of TDE; (4) electrostatic and conventional applications of TDE spray and dust, and (5) times of the day when TDE was applied. Significant differences in protection were found with respect to (I) the volume (4 vs. 100 gallons per acre) of TDE spray used, (2) the pressure (5 vs. 150 pounds per square inch) at which TDE spray was applied. (3) the spray angle (15 vs. 55°) used to apply TDE, and (4) the age (2 VS. 7 days) of larvae at the time TDE was applied. Better protection was obtained when applications were directed against 2-day-old larvae, and high volume, high pressure, or narrow spray angle increased this protection. However, protection with the better combinations of volume, pressure, and spray angle seldom exceeded 66%.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Crop protection did not differ significantly among the listed insecticides and rates.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- endosulfan and 1.5 pounds of carbaryl, DDT, and TDEe1
- Outcome
- crop protectione1
- Direction
- No significant differencese1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“No significant differences in crop protection were found among (I) treatments of 0.75 pounds per acre of endosulfan and 1.5 pounds of carbaryl, DDT, and TDE”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop protection did not differ significantly among TDE rates.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- 0.75-, 1.5-, and 3.0-pound rates of TDEe1
- Outcome
- crop protectione2
- Direction
- No significant differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“0.75-, 1.5-, and 3.0-pound rates of TDE”
e2“No significant differences in crop protection”
Claim · model-written summary
TDE formulations did not differ significantly in crop protection.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- formulations of TDEe1
- Outcome
- crop protectione2
- Direction
- No significant differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, ultra-low volume, dust, and bait formulations of TDE”
e2“No significant differences in crop protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Electrostatic and conventional TDE applications did not differ significantly in crop protection.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“electrostatic and conventional applications of TDE spray and dust”
e2“No significant differences in crop protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Time of TDE application did not significantly change crop protection.
- Taxon
- flue-cured tobaccoe0
- Treatment
- times of the day when TDE was appliede1
- Outcome
- crop protectione2
- Direction
- No significant differencese2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“times of the day when TDE was applied”
e2“No significant differences in crop protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray volume significantly affected protection; high volume increased it.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“volume (4 vs. 100 gallons per acre) of TDE spray used”
e2“high volume, high pressure, or narrow spray angle increased this protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray pressure significantly affected protection; high pressure increased it.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“pressure (5 vs. 150 pounds per square inch) at which TDE spray was applied”
e2“high volume, high pressure, or narrow spray angle increased this protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray angle significantly affected protection; narrow angle increased it.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“spray angle (15 vs. 55°) used to apply TDE”
e2“high volume, high pressure, or narrow spray angle increased this protection”
Claim · model-written summary
Targeting two-day-old larvae improved crop protection relative to seven-day-old larvae.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“age (2 VS. 7 days) of larvae at the time TDE was applied”
e2“Better protection was obtained when applications were directed against 2-day-old larvae”
Claim · model-written summary
The best application combinations seldom exceeded 66% protection.
Verbatim
e0“flue-cured tobacco”
e1“protection with the better combinations of volume, pressure, and spray angle seldom exceeded 66%”
The same questions in other papers
carbaryl · control · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
application · control · Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco)Results agree
7 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.