Abstract
An important part in the understanding of the regulation of carbon partitioning within the leaf is to investigate the endogenous variations of parameters related to carbon metabolism. This study of diurnal changes in the activities of sucrose-synthesizing enzymes and levels of nonstructural carbohydrates in intact leaves of field-grown soybean plants (Glycine max [L.]) showed pronounced diurnal fluctuations in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity. However, there was no distinct diurnal change in the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F1,6BPase). SPS activity in leaves from plants grown in controlled environments presented two peaks during the light period. In contrast to field-grown plants, F1,6BPase activity in leaves from growth chamber-grown plants manifested one peak during the first half of the light period. In plants grown under both conditions, sucrose and starch accumulation rates were highest during early hours of the light period. By the end of the dark period, most of the starch was depleted. A pattern of diurnal fluctuations of abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaves was also observed under all growing conditions. Either imposition of water stress or exogenous applications of ABA inhibited F1,6BPase activity. However, SPS-extractable activity increased following water deficit but did not change in response to ABA treatment. Gibberellin application to intact soybean leaves increased levels of both starch and sucrose. Both gibberellic acid (10(-6)m) and gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m) increased the activity of SPS but had an inconsistent effect on F1,6BPase. Correlation studies between the activities of SPS and F1,6BPase suggest that these two enzymes are coordinated in their function, but the factors that regulate them may be distinct because they respond differently to certain environmental and physiological changes.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Field soybean leaf SPS activity fluctuated diurnally.
- Taxon
- soybean plants
Glycine maxe0 - Gene
- sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS)e0
- Outcome
- sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activitye0
- Direction
- diurnal fluctuationse0
- Setting
- field-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“field-grown soybean plants (Glycine max [L.]) showed pronounced diurnal fluctuations in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Field soybean F1,6BPase had no distinct diurnal activity change.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F1,6BPase)e0
- Outcome
- activitye0
- Direction
- no distinct diurnal changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was no distinct diurnal change in the activity of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F1,6BPase).”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Controlled environment soybean SPS activity had two light-period peaks.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Gene
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- SPS activitye0
- Value
- two peakse0
- Setting
- controlled environmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPS activity in leaves from plants grown in controlled environments presented two peaks during the light period.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth chamber F1,6BPase activity had one early light-period peak.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- F1,6BPasee0
- Outcome
- F1,6BPase activitye0
- Value
- one peake0
- Setting
- growth chamber-growne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“F1,6BPase activity in leaves from growth chamber-grown plants manifested one peak during the first half of the light period.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose and starch accumulation were highest early in the light period under both conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- sucrose and starch accumulation ratese0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sucrose and starch accumulation rates were highest during early hours of the light period.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Most starch was depleted by the end of darkness.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- starche0
- Direction
- depletede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By the end of the dark period, most of the starch was depleted.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf ABA levels fluctuated diurnally under all growing conditions.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- abscisic acid (ABA) levelse0
- Direction
- diurnal fluctuationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A pattern of diurnal fluctuations of abscisic acid (ABA) levels in leaves was also observed under all growing conditions.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water stress inhibited F1,6BPase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- water stresse0
- Gene
- F1,6BPasee0
- Outcome
- F1,6BPase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either imposition of water stress or exogenous applications of ABA inhibited F1,6BPase activity.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied ABA inhibited F1,6BPase activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- exogenous applications of ABAe0
- Gene
- F1,6BPasee0
- Outcome
- F1,6BPase activitye0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either imposition of water stress or exogenous applications of ABA inhibited F1,6BPase activity.”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Water deficit increased extractable SPS activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- water deficite0
- Gene
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- SPS-extractable activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SPS-extractable activity increased following water deficit”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA treatment did not change SPS activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- ABA treatmente0
- Outcome
- SPS-extractable activitye2
- Direction
- did not changee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“did not change in response to ABA treatment.”
e1“intact leaves of field-grown soybean plants”
e2“SPS-extractable activity increased following water deficit but did not change in response to ABA treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin increased soybean leaf starch and sucrose.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Gibberellin applicatione0
- Outcome
- levels of both starch and sucrosee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberellin application to intact soybean leaves increased levels of both starch and sucrose.”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid increased SPS activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (10(-6)m)e0
- Gene
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- activity of SPSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both gibberellic acid (10(-6)m) and gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m) increased the activity of SPS”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellins 4 and 7 increased SPS activity.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m)e0
- Gene
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- activity of SPSe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both gibberellic acid (10(-6)m) and gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m) increased the activity of SPS”
e1“soybean plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellin treatments had inconsistent effects on F1,6BPase.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- gibberellic acid (10(-6)m) and gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m)e2
- Outcome
- F1,6BPasee0
- Direction
- inconsistent effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but had an inconsistent effect on F1,6BPase.”
e1“Gibberellin application to intact soybean leaves increased levels of both starch and sucrose”
e2“Both gibberellic acid (10(-6)m) and gibberellins 4 and 7 (10(-5)m) increased the activity of SPS”
Claim · model-written summary
SPS and F1,6BPase activities were correlated but may have distinct regulators.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- SPSe0
- Outcome
- activities of SPS and F1,6BPasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation studies between the activities of SPS and F1,6BPase suggest that these two enzymes are coordinated in their function, but the factors that regulate them may be distinct”
e1“soybean plants”
The same questions in other papers
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- no effect
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.