Abstract
Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize. Effects of no-till and plow-till methods of seedbed preparation were compared at two levels of residue management (residue removed versus residue returned) and two levels of fertilizer application (without fertilizer versus recommended fertilizer). Soil chemical quality was better for no-till compared with plow-till methods. Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2. Soil chemical quality consistently declined, although the rate of decline differed among tillage and fertilizer treatments. There were also differences in soil physical quality. Soil bulk density increased with cultivation duration in both tillage methods, and use of furadan in no-till plots drastically increased soil bulk density. Infiltration rate and soil moisture retention at all suctions was consistently more for no-till than plow-till treatments. Decline in soil quality with cultivation was reflected in decrease in crop yields. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Soil chemical quality was better under no-till than under plow-till.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e1“Soil chemical quality was better for no-till compared with plow-till methods”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil organic carbon content was higher under no-till (18·6 g kg−1) than under plow-till (12·2 g kg−1).
- Treatment
- no-tille2
- Outcome
- soil organic carbon contente2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1e2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
- Setting
- 0–5 cm depthe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e2“Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2”
Claim · model-written summary
Total soil nitrogen was higher under no-till (1·9 g kg−1) than under plow-till (1·1 g kg−1).
- Treatment
- no-tille2
- Outcome
- total soil nitrogene2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1e2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e2“Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2”
Claim · model-written summary
Bray-P was higher under no-till (63·1 mg kg−1) than under plow-till (31·8 mg kg−1).
- Treatment
- no-tille2
- Outcome
- Bray-Pe2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1e2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e2“Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2”
Claim · model-written summary
Exchangeable Ca2+ was higher under no-till (6·0 cmol kg−1) than under plow-till (2·3 cmol kg−1).
- Treatment
- no-tille2
- Outcome
- Ca+2e2
- Direction
- higherinferrede2
- Value
- 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1e2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e2“Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2”
Claim · model-written summary
The rate of decline in soil pH was lower under no-till (0·14 units yr−1) than under plow-till (0·18 units yr−1).
- Treatment
- no-tille2
- Outcome
- rate of decline in soil pHe2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1e2
- Comparator
- plow-tille2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e2“Mean soil chemical properties of 0–5 cm depth for no-till and plow-till treatments respectively were 18·6 g kg−1 versus 12·2 g kg−1 for soil organic carbon content, 1·9 g kg−1 versus 1·1 g kg−1 for total soil nitrogen, 0·14 units yr−1 versus 0·18 units yr−1 rate of decline in soil pH, 63·1 mg kg−1 versus 31·8 mg kg−1 for Bray-P, and 6·0 cmol kg−1 versus 2·3 cmol kg−1 for Ca+2”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil chemical quality declined consistently with continued cropping.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e3“Soil chemical quality consistently declined, although the rate of decline differed among tillage and fertilizer treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bulk density increased with cultivation duration under both tillage methods.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e4“Soil bulk density increased with cultivation duration in both tillage methods, and use of furadan in no-till plots drastically increased soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Furadan use in no-till plots drastically increased soil bulk density.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e4“Soil bulk density increased with cultivation duration in both tillage methods, and use of furadan in no-till plots drastically increased soil bulk density”
Claim · model-written summary
Infiltration rate and soil moisture retention at all suctions were consistently higher under no-till than under plow-till.
- Treatment
- no-tille5
- Outcome
- Infiltration rate and soil moisture retentione5
- Direction
- moree5
- Comparator
- plow-till treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e5“Infiltration rate and soil moisture retention at all suctions was consistently more for no-till than plow-till treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Decline in soil quality with cultivation was associated with decreased crop yields.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tillage and soil management effects on soil physical and chemical qualities were monitored for eight years from 1979 through 1987 in a long-term experiment involving 17 consecutive crops of maize”
e6“Decline in soil quality with cultivation was reflected in decrease in crop yields”
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