Abstract
A 2-factorial experiment, involving three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha) and four cropping systems (mono crop, maize–cowpea inter-row, maize–cowpea intra-row, and maize–cowpea intra-hole cropping) was conducted in the field for two consecutive years in 2003 and 2004 at Nietvoorbij (33°54'S, 18°14'E), Stellenbosch, South Africa. Plant density (number of plants per hectare) was 166 666 for sole cowpea, 111 111 for maize–cowpea inter-row, 55 555 for maize–cowpea intra-row and 55 555 for maize–cowpea intra-hole cropping. Applying 40 or 80 kg phosphorus (P)/ha significantly increased cowpea grain yields by 59–65% in 2003 and 44–55% in 2004. With maize, the increases in grain yield were 20–37% in 2003 and 48–55% in 2004 relative to the zero-P control. In both cropping seasons, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and grain yield per cowpea plant were significantly increased with the application of exogenous P. In contrast, the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the grain yield per plant were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea. There was also a significant interactive effect of P and cropping system on cowpea, such that, all cowpea yield components were generally lower in intercrop relative to mono crop. In all instances, the yield component of mono crop cowpea and, to some extent, inter-row cowpea, were markedly increased by the provision of 40 or 80 kg P/ha relative to the zero-P control. Intercropping maize with cowpea produced higher total yields per unit land area than the mono crop counterpart.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield increased 20–37% in 2003 relative to zero P.
- Treatment
- 40, and 80 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 20–37%e0
- Qualifier
- 2003e0
- Comparator
- zero-P controle0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With maize, the increases in grain yield were 20–37% in 2003 and 48–55% in 2004 relative to the zero-P control.”
e1“three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize grain yield increased 48–55% in 2004 relative to zero P.
- Treatment
- 40, and 80 kg/hae1
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Value
- 48–55%e0
- Qualifier
- 2004e0
- Comparator
- zero-P controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With maize, the increases in grain yield were 20–37% in 2003 and 48–55% in 2004 relative to the zero-P control.”
e1“three levels of phosphorus (0, 40, and 80 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed culture significantly reduced cowpea pod-bearing peduncles, pods and seeds per pod relative to monoculture.
- Taxon
- cowpea
Vigna unguiculatae0 - Treatment
- mixed culturee0
- Outcome
- the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pode0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Comparator
- mono crop cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the number of pod-bearing peduncles per plant, the number of pods per plant, the number of seeds per pod, and the grain yield per plant were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed culture significantly reduced grain yield per cowpea plant relative to monoculture.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- mixed culturee0
- Outcome
- grain yield per plante0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Comparator
- mono crop cowpeae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the grain yield per plant were all significantly depressed by mixed culture relative to mono crop cowpea”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus and cropping system interacted significantly for cowpea yield components, which were generally lower in intercrops.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- P and cropping systeme0
- Outcome
- all cowpea yield componentse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- mono crope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant interactive effect of P and cropping system on cowpea, such that, all cowpea yield components were generally lower in intercrop relative to mono crop”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components of monocrop cowpea increased markedly with 40 or 80 kg P/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 40 or 80 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- yield component of mono crop cowpeae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- zero-P controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield component of mono crop cowpea and, to some extent, inter-row cowpea, were markedly increased by the provision of 40 or 80 kg P/ha relative to the zero-P control”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components of inter-row cowpea increased to some extent with 40 or 80 kg P/ha.
- Taxon
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0
- Treatment
- 40 or 80 kg P/hae0
- Outcome
- inter-row cowpeae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- to some extente0
- Comparator
- zero-P controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the yield component of mono crop cowpea and, to some extent, inter-row cowpea, were markedly increased by the provision of 40 or 80 kg P/ha relative to the zero-P control”
t0“cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and maize (Zea mays)”
Claim · model-written summary
Maize-cowpea intercropping produced higher total yield per unit area than monocropping.
- Treatment
- Intercropping maize with cowpeae0
- Interactor
- cowpeaVigna unguiculatae0other
- Outcome
- total yields per unit land areae0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- mono crop counterparte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping maize with cowpea produced higher total yields per unit land area than the mono crop counterpart.”
The same questions in other papers
Vigna unguiculata · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
106 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction · 4 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- negative
123 papers more in this group
See all 127 papers →intercropping · yield · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
612 papers in the same direction as this paper · 181 in the opposite direction · 40 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- no effect
830 papers more in this group
See all 834 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.