Paper · 1986 · Weed Research

Herbicides for ‘seed’ yam production from ‘minisetts’ in the rainforest zone of Nigeria

R. P. A. UNAMMA And; A. A. MELIFONWU

4
claims
8
verbatim quotes
4
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Trials were conducted at the research farm of the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, on acid sandy loam soil at a tropical rainforest site during 1982 and 1983. A range of pre‐emergence herbicides were evaluated in a system of yam production using small (25 g) tuber pieces, ‘minisetts’, for multiplication up to ‘seed’ yam size with tubers of 100–1500 g wt. In the 2 years considered, uncontrolled weed growth resulted in an average tuber yield loss of 83% compared to the hand‐weeded treatment yield of 3.6 t ha −1 . Pre‐emergence application of fluometuron, chloramben, diuron/paraquat, simazine and atrazine/metolachlor at the rates of 1.4, 2.7, 1.6, 5.7 and 3.8 kg ai ha −1 respectively effectively controlled weeds and gave tuber yields that compared favourably with the current recommended practice of three hand‐weedings 3, 8 and 12 weeks after planting. These five herbicides were most promising when they were applied tank‐mixed with paraquat at 0.5 kg ai ha −1 3 weeks after planting, post‐emergence to the weeds and at approximately 5% emergence of the yam. Des herbicides pour la production d'ignames ‘minisetts’ dans la zone forestière humide du Nigéria Des essais ont été mis en place en 1982 et 1983 à la ferme du National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, sur un sol franc sablonneux acidique de la zone forestière humide. Une gamme d'herbicides de pré‐levée a étéévaluée dans un système de production utilisant des petits morceaux (25 g) de tubercules d'ignames, dits des ‘minisetts’, dans le but de multiplication jusqu'à ce qu'ils atteignent la grandeur d'ignames semences'. Pendant les deux années de l'expérimentation, l'absence de désherbage a amené des baisses de rendement en tubercules de 83% par rapport au rendement de 3,6 t obtenu avec sarclage manuel. L'application en pré‐levée de fluométuron, de chloramben, de diuron/paraquat, de simazine et d'atrazine/métolachlore aux doses de 1,4, 2,7 1,6 5,7 et 3,8 kg m a ha −1 respectivement a permis un désherbage convenable et des rendements en tubercules supérieurs à ceux obtenus par la technique actuellement conseillée, qui comporte trois sarclages manuels à 3,8 et 12 semaines après le semis. Ces cinq herbicides ont fourni les meilleures perspectives d'efficacité lors d'applications en mélange avec le paraquat à 0,5 kg ma ha −1 3 semaines après le semis, en post‐levee des adventices et lorsqu'à peu près 5% des ignames sont levées. Prüfung von Herbiziden in der Saatknollen Produktion von Yams in der Regenwaldzone von Nigeria In der Forschungsstation des National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike (Nigeria), wurden während der Jahre 1982 und 1983 verschiedene Herbizide auf ihre Eignung zur Unkrautbekämpfung in Anlagen zur Produktion von Saatknollen von Yams untersucht. Die Versuche erfolgten unter den Bedingungen des tropischen Regenwaldes in einem sauren, sandigen Lehmboden. Ausgangspunkt der Pflanzung waren 25 g schwere Knollenstückchen (sog. ‘Minisetts’), welche bis zur Grösse der Saatknollen (von 100–1500 g Gewicht) wachsen gelassen wurden. Die von Hand gejäteten Parzellen lieferten einen Ernteertrag von 3,6 t ha −1 ; das unkontrollierte Unkrautwachstum verursachte einen Ernteverlust von 83%. Die Vorauflaufapplikation von Fluometuron, Chloramben, Diuron + Paraquat, Simazin und Atrazin + Metolachlor, in Dosierungen von 1,4, 2,7, 1,6, 5,7 und 3,8 kg ai ha −1 bewirkte eine befriedigende Unkrautkon‐trolle und ergab Knollenernten, die mit den durch die ortsübliche Praxis (3 Handjätungen 3, 8 und 12 Wochen nach der Pflanzung) erzielten Ernten vergleichbar waren. Diese fünf Herbizide waren am erfolgreichsten, wenn sie in Tankmischung mit Paraquat (0,5 kg ai ha −1 ) drei Wochen nach der Pflanzung, nach Auflaufen der Unkräuter und beim Erscheinen von c. 5% der Yamstriebe appliziert worden waren.

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Claims 4

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Uncontrolled weeds caused 83% average tuber yield loss against hand weeding.

Taxon
yamt0
Treatment
uncontrolled weed growthe0
Outcome
tuber yield losse0
Direction
losse0
Value
83%e0
Qualifier
3.6 t ha −1e0
Comparator
hand‐weeded treatmente0

Verbatim

e0

“uncontrolled weed growth resulted in an average tuber yield loss of 83% compared to the hand‐weeded treatment yield of 3.6 t ha −1”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 433–563 · show in text ↑
t0

“yam”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–25 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Five pre-emergence herbicides effectively controlled weeds.

Taxon
yamt0
Treatment
Pre‐emergence application of fluometuron, chloramben, diuron/paraquat, simazine and atrazine/metolachlore0
Interactor
weedse0weed
Outcome
weedse0
Direction
controllede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“Pre‐emergence application of fluometuron, chloramben, diuron/paraquat, simazine and atrazine/metolachlor at the rates of 1.4, 2.7, 1.6, 5.7 and 3.8 kg ai ha −1 respectively effectively controlled weeds”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 566–767 · show in text ↑
t0

“yam”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–25 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The five herbicides gave tuber yields comparable to three hand weedings.

Taxon
yamt0
Treatment
fluometuron, chloramben, diuron/paraquat, simazine and atrazine/metolachlore1
Outcome
tuber yieldse0
Direction
compared favourablye0
Comparator
three hand‐weedings 3, 8 and 12 weeks after plantinge0

Verbatim

e0

“gave tuber yields that compared favourably with the current recommended practice of three hand‐weedings 3, 8 and 12 weeks after planting”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 772–908 · show in text ↑
e1

“fluometuron, chloramben, diuron/paraquat, simazine and atrazine/metolachlor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 595–670 · show in text ↑
t0

“yam”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 22–25 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The five herbicides were most promising with paraquat tank mixing three weeks after planting.

Taxon
yame0
Outcome
applied tank‐mixed with paraquat at 0.5 kg ai ha −1 3 weeks after plantinge0
Qualifier
at approximately 5% emergence of the yame0

Verbatim

e0

“These five herbicides were most promising when they were applied tank‐mixed with paraquat at 0.5 kg ai ha −1 3 weeks after planting, post‐emergence to the weeds and at approximately 5% emergence of the yam.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 910–1116 · show in text ↑

herbicide · weed · DioscoreaResults agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.