Abstract
Primary leaf segments from 8‐day‐old dark‐grown, and from 4‐ and 8‐day‐old light‐grown seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica, were treated with 10 ‐b M benzyladenine (BA) in the dark for 14 h. The segments were then studied after an exposure to light for 14 h. Photosynthetic activity (O 2 evolution and CO 2 fixation) and chlorophyll accumulation were stimulated by BA in dark‐grown leaf segments with etioplastids in the earliest stage of development. In these segments BA stimulated the activities of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), NADP + ‐malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1). In segments taken from 4‐ and 8‐day light‐grown seedlings, BA did not enhance the photosynthetic activity nor the chlorophyll accumulation. The activity of the enzymes mentioned above, was significantly enhanced by the BA‐treatment. BA mainly affected grana stacking in mesophyll cell chloroplasts in primary leaf segments taken from 3‐ to 5‐day light‐grown seedlings. Stroma thylakoid development was stimulated only in leaf segments from 3‐day‐old plants. At the same time BA accelerated grana loss in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells, a typical phenomenon of development in such chloroplasts. Stroma thylakoid length in these chloroplasts increased by a BA treatment in segments from 3‐ and 4‐day light‐grown plants. A significantly higher number of chloroplasts was only observed with segments taken from 8‐day light‐grown seedlings and treated with BA. The etiochloroplast number in segments taken from 8‐day etiolated plants was significantly higher in BA‐treated segments after 26 h illumination. In etiochloroplasts from both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, BA enhanced grana stacking after illumination for 4 h or more, whereas stroma membrane length was significantly higher only after 26 h light. It is concluded that the effects of BA depend on the developmental stage. BA accelerates the development of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell (etio)chloroplasts, but does not affect the ultrastructure of mature chloroplasts.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
BA stimulated photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll accumulation in dark-grown leaf segments.
- Organ / stage
- dark‐grown leaf segmentse0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- Photosynthetic activity (O 2 evolution and CO 2 fixation) and chlorophyll accumulatione0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Photosynthetic activity (O 2 evolution and CO 2 fixation) and chlorophyll accumulation were stimulated by BA in dark‐grown leaf segments with etioplastids in the earliest stage of development”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA stimulated activities of four photosynthetic enzymes in dark-grown segments.
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- activities of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), NADP + ‐malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1)e0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA stimulated the activities of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31), NADP + ‐malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) and pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (EC 2.7.9.1)”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA did not enhance photosynthesis or chlorophyll accumulation in light-grown segments.
- Organ / stage
- 4‐ and 8‐day light‐grown seedlingse0
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activity nor the chlorophyll accumulatione0
- Direction
- did not enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In segments taken from 4‐ and 8‐day light‐grown seedlings, BA did not enhance the photosynthetic activity nor the chlorophyll accumulation”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA significantly enhanced activities of the named enzymes in light-grown segments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of the enzymes mentioned above, was significantly enhanced by the BA‐treatment”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA affected grana stacking in mesophyll chloroplasts.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA mainly affected grana stacking in mesophyll cell chloroplasts in primary leaf segments taken from 3‐ to 5‐day light‐grown seedlings”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA stimulated stroma thylakoid development only in 3-day-old leaf segments.
- Organ / stage
- leaf segments from 3‐day‐old plantse0
- Treatment
- BAe1
- Outcome
- Stroma thylakoid developmente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stroma thylakoid development was stimulated only in leaf segments from 3‐day‐old plants”
e1“BA mainly affected grana stacking”
e2“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA accelerated grana loss in bundle sheath chloroplasts.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BA accelerated grana loss in chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased stroma thylakoid length in bundle sheath chloroplasts of 3- and 4-day plants.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stroma thylakoid length in these chloroplasts increased by a BA treatment in segments from 3‐ and 4‐day light‐grown plants”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased chloroplast number only in 8-day light-grown segments.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significantly higher number of chloroplasts was only observed with segments taken from 8‐day light‐grown seedlings and treated with BA”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased etiochloroplast number in etiolated segments after 26 h illumination.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The etiochloroplast number in segments taken from 8‐day etiolated plants was significantly higher in BA‐treated segments after 26 h illumination”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA enhanced grana stacking in etiochloroplasts after at least 4 h illumination.
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- grana stackinge0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- after illumination for 4 h or moree0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In etiochloroplasts from both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, BA enhanced grana stacking after illumination for 4 h or more”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA increased stroma membrane length only after 26 h light.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stroma membrane length was significantly higher only after 26 h light”
e1“BA enhanced grana stacking”
e2“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA effects depend on developmental stage and accelerate development of mesophyll and bundle sheath etiochloroplasts.
- Treatment
- BAe0
- Outcome
- development of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell (etio)chloroplastse0
- Direction
- acceleratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of BA depend on the developmental stage. BA accelerates the development of mesophyll and bundle sheath cell (etio)chloroplasts”
e1“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
Claim · model-written summary
BA does not affect mature chloroplast ultrastructure.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but does not affect the ultrastructure of mature chloroplasts”
e1“BA accelerates the development”
e2“seedlings of Zea mays L. cv. Fronica”
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