Abstract
Maize (Zea mays) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) collected in the foothills of the Nepal Himalaya Mountains were analyzed for Fusarium species and mycotoxins: fumonisins, nivalenol (NIV), and deoxynivalenol (DON). Predominant species were Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (F. moniliforme) in maize and F. graminearum in maize and wheat; G. fujikuroi mating population D (F. proliferatum), F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, and F. torulosum were also present. Strains of G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisins, and strains of F. graminearum produced NIV or DON. By immunoassay or high-performance liquid chromatography, fumonisins were >1000 ng/g in 22% of 74 maize samples. By immunoassay or fluorometry, NIV and DON were >1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples but were not detected in wheat. Fumonisins and DON were not eliminated by traditional fermentation for producing maize beer, but Nepalese rural and urban women were able to detoxify contaminated maize by hand-sorting visibly diseased kernels.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A predominated in maize.
- Interactor
- Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A
Fusarium fujikuroie0pathogen - Outcome
- Gibberella fujikuroi mating population Ae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Gibberella fujikuroi mating population A (F. moniliforme) in maize”
Claim · model-written summary
F. graminearum predominated in maize and wheat.
- Taxon
- maize and wheat
Triticum aestivum
Zea mayse0 - Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- F. graminearume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“F. graminearum in maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight additional Fusarium taxa were present in the sampled maize and wheat.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse0
- Outcome
- G. fujikuroi mating population D (F. proliferatum), F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, and F. torulosume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maize and wheat; G. fujikuroi mating population D (F. proliferatum), F. acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. semitectum, and F. torulosum were also present.”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains of G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisins.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Interactor
- G. fujikuroi mating population AFusarium fujikuroie0pathogen
- Outcome
- G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Strains of G. fujikuroi mating population A produced fumonisins”
e1“in maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Strains of F. graminearum produced NIV or DON.
- Taxon
- maize and wheatTriticum aestivumZea mayse1
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. graminearum produced NIV or DONe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strains of F. graminearum produced NIV or DON.”
e1“in maize and wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Fumonisins exceeded 1000 ng/g in 22% of 74 maize samples.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fumonisins were >1000 ng/g in 22% of 74 maize samples.”
Claim · model-written summary
NIV and DON exceeded 1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NIV and DON were >1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples”
Claim · model-written summary
NIV and DON were not detected in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- not detected in wheate0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NIV and DON were >1000 ng/g in 16% of maize samples but were not detected in wheat.”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional fermentation for maize beer did not eliminate fumonisins.
- Treatment
- traditional fermentation for producing maize beere0
- Outcome
- Fumonisinse0
- Direction
- not eliminatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumonisins and DON were not eliminated by traditional fermentation for producing maize beer”
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional fermentation for maize beer did not eliminate DON.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fumonisins and DON were not eliminated by traditional fermentation for producing maize beer”
Claim · model-written summary
Hand sorting visibly diseased kernels detoxified contaminated maize.
- Treatment
- hand-sorting visibly diseased kernelse0
- Outcome
- detoxify contaminated maizee0
- Setting
- Nepalesee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nepalese rural and urban women were able to detoxify contaminated maize by hand-sorting visibly diseased kernels.”
The same questions in other papers
processing · disease · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 13 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
26 papers more in this group
See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.