Abstract
Endophytic fungi are potential sources of secondary metabolites; however, they are little known for phytohormones secretion and amelioration of plant growth under abiotic stresses. We isolated a novel endophyte from the roots of Cucumis sativus and identified it as a strain of Exophiala sp. by sequencing internal transcribed spacer/large subunit rDNA and phylogenetic analysis. Prior to identification, culture filtrate (CF) of Exophiala sp. has shown significant growth promotion of Waito-C [a gibberellins (GAs)-deficient mutant cultivar] and Dongjin-byeo (normal GAs biosynthesis cultivar) rice seedlings. CF analysis of Exophiala sp. showed the presence of physiologically active GAs (GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₇) and inactive GAs (GA₅, GA₈, GA₉, GA₁₂ and GA₂₀). Exophiala sp. had higher GAs in its CF than wild-type strain of Gibberella fujikuroi except GA₃. Influence of Exophiala sp. was assessed on cucumber plant's growth and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA) and bioactive GAs under salinity and drought stresses. Exophiala sp.-treated plants have shown significantly higher growth and rescued the host plants from stress promulgated water deficit, osmotic and cellular damage. The altered levels of stress-responsive ABA showed low level of stress confined to endophyte-applied plants than control. Elevated levels of SA and bioactive GAs (GA₃ and GA₄) in endophyte-associated plants suggest stress-modulating response toward salinity and drought. In conclusion, symbiotic relations between Exophiala and cucumber have reprogrammed the host plant growth under abiotic stresses, thus indicating a possible threshold role of endophytic fungi in stress alleviation. This study could be extended for improving agricultural productivity under extreme environmental conditions.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala culture filtrate promoted growth of Waito-C rice seedlings.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Material
- Waito-Ce0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate (CF) of Exophiala sp.e0
- Outcome
- growth promotione0
- Direction
- promotione0
ExophialaNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrate (CF) of Exophiala sp. has shown significant growth promotion of Waito-C [a gibberellins (GAs)-deficient mutant cultivar] and Dongjin-byeo (normal GAs biosynthesis cultivar) rice seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala culture filtrate promoted Dongjin-byeo rice seedling growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- Dongjin-byeoe0
- Treatment
- culture filtrate (CF) of Exophiala sp.e0
- Outcome
- growth promotione0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“culture filtrate (CF) of Exophiala sp. has shown significant growth promotion of Waito-C [a gibberellins (GAs)-deficient mutant cultivar] and Dongjin-byeo (normal GAs biosynthesis cultivar) rice seedlings.”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala filtrate contained active and inactive gibberellins.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativus
Cucumis sativust0 - Outcome
- presence of physiologically active GAs (GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₇) and inactive GAs (GA₅, GA₈, GA₉, GA₁₂ and GA₂₀)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CF analysis of Exophiala sp. showed the presence of physiologically active GAs (GA₁, GA₃, GA₄ and GA₇) and inactive GAs (GA₅, GA₈, GA₉, GA₁₂ and GA₂₀).”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala filtrate had more gibberellins than G. fujikuroi except GA3.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- GAs in its CFe0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild-type strain of Gibberella fujikuroie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exophiala sp. had higher GAs in its CF than wild-type strain of Gibberella fujikuroi except GA₃.”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala treated cucumber had higher growth under stress.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Exophiala sp.-treatede0
- Outcome
- growthe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exophiala sp.-treated plants have shown significantly higher growth and rescued the host plants from stress promulgated water deficit, osmotic and cellular damage.”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Exophiala treatment alleviated water deficit and osmotic and cellular damage.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Exophiala sp.-treatede0
- Outcome
- water deficit, osmotic and cellular damagee0
- Direction
- rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Exophiala sp.-treated plants have shown significantly higher growth and rescued the host plants from stress promulgated water deficit, osmotic and cellular damage.”
t0“Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Stress-responsive ABA indicated lower stress in endophyte-treated plants.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- endophyte-appliede0
- Compound
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- low level of stresse0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The altered levels of stress-responsive ABA showed low level of stress confined to endophyte-applied plants than control.”
t0“Exophiala sp. LHL08 reprograms Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
SA was elevated in endophyte-associated plants.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- Elevated levels of SAe0
- Direction
- Elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated levels of SA and bioactive GAs (GA₃ and GA₄) in endophyte-associated plants”
t0“Exophiala sp. LHL08 reprograms Cucumis sativus”
Claim · model-written summary
Bioactive GAs were elevated in endophyte-associated plants.
- Taxon
- Cucumis sativusCucumis sativust0
- Outcome
- bioactive GAs (GA₃ and GA₄)e0
- Direction
- Elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated levels of SA and bioactive GAs (GA₃ and GA₄) in endophyte-associated plants”
t0“Exophiala sp. LHL08 reprograms Cucumis sativus”
The same questions in other papers
pathogen product · growth · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
12 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
19 papers more in this group
See all 23 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.