Abstract
Abstract Farmers and ranchers growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in the Great Plains have the practical problem of obtaining maximum grazing with minimum loss of grain yield. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of grazing on subsequent grain, straw, and chaff production of a semidwarf winter wheat (‘TAM W‐101’). Steers ( Bos taurus L.) weighing 250 to 350 kg grazed wheat pasture during 3 yr at the Forage and Livestock Research Laboratory near El Reno, OK. Soils at the study site were fine‐silty, mixed, thermic Pachic Haplustolls of the Dale series. Climatic conditions allowed 212 to 338 animal days (AD) ha −1 of fall grazing in 1983 to 1984; 78 to 141 AD ha −1 spring grazing in 1984 to 1985; and 151 to 516 AD ha −1 fall and/or spring grazing in 1985 to 1986. Straw, total grain yield, seed weight, seeds per spike, and spikes m −2 were determined. Heavy (H) and light (L) fall (F) grazing intensities caused lower ( P < 0.05) grain yields compared to controls (C) in 1983 to 1984 (2.94[F‐L] and 2.53 [F‐H] vs. 3.51 [C] Mg ha −1 ); lower, but nonsignificantly different grain production after spring (S) grazing in 1984 to 1985 (2.73 [S‐L] and 2.44 [S‐H] vs. 2.60 [C] Mg ha −1 ); and mixed results with fall‐only, spring‐only, and two levels of fall and spring grazing in 1985 and 1986 (2.41 [F‐L], 1.37 [S‐L], 1.80 [F,S‐L], and 1.46 [F,S‐H] vs. 1.90 [C] Mg ha −1 ). Grazing generally decreased the number of spikes m −2 . Straw yields were lowered by grazing in all 3 yr, therefore, harvest index of grain was nearly always higher for grazed wheat. Weather differences affected grain production from year to year more than grazing stresses within a year. Components of yield were influenced in an inconsistent manner by the treatments. However, grazing did not damage TAM W‐101 grain yield, when moderate grazing was used, trampling was avoided, excess autumn forage was removed and/or no severe weather adversities added to grazing stress on the crop.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Light fall grazing lowered grain yield compared with controls in 1983 to 1984.
- Taxon
- winter wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- light (L) fall (F) grazing intensitiese1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 2.94[F‐L]e1
- Comparator
- controls (C)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Heavy (H) and light (L) fall (F) grazing intensities caused lower ( P < 0.05) grain yields compared to controls (C) in 1983 to 1984 (2.94[F‐L] and 2.53 [F‐H] vs. 3.51 [C] Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Heavy fall grazing lowered grain yield compared with controls in 1983 to 1984.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Heavy (H) and light (L) fall (F) grazing intensitiese1
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- lowere1
- Value
- 2.53 [F‐H]e1
- Comparator
- controls (C)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Heavy (H) and light (L) fall (F) grazing intensities caused lower ( P < 0.05) grain yields compared to controls (C) in 1983 to 1984 (2.94[F‐L] and 2.53 [F‐H] vs. 3.51 [C] Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Spring grazing lowered grain production non-significantly in 1984 to 1985.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- spring (S) grazinge2
- Outcome
- grain productione2
- Direction
- lowere2
- Value
- 2.73 [S‐L] and 2.44 [S‐H]e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e2“lower, but nonsignificantly different grain production after spring (S) grazing in 1984 to 1985 (2.73 [S‐L] and 2.44 [S‐H] vs. 2.60 [C] Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Fall-only, spring-only and combined grazing gave mixed effects on grain yield in 1985 and 1986.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fall‐only, spring‐only, and two levels of fall and spring grazinge3
- Outcome
- grain yieldse1
- Direction
- mixed resultse3
- Qualifier
- in 1985 and 1986e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Heavy (H) and light (L) fall (F) grazing intensities caused lower ( P < 0.05) grain yields compared to controls (C) in 1983 to 1984 (2.94[F‐L] and 2.53 [F‐H] vs. 3.51 [C] Mg ha −1 )”
e3“mixed results with fall‐only, spring‐only, and two levels of fall and spring grazing in 1985 and 1986 (2.41 [F‐L], 1.37 [S‐L], 1.80 [F,S‐L], and 1.46 [F,S‐H] vs. 1.90 [C] Mg ha −1 )”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing decreased the number of spikes per square metre.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Grazinge4
- Outcome
- number of spikes m −2e4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e4“Grazing generally decreased the number of spikes m −2”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazing lowered straw yields in all three years.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- grazinge5
- Outcome
- Straw yieldse5
- Direction
- lowerede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e5“Straw yields were lowered by grazing in all 3 yr”
Claim · model-written summary
Harvest index of grain was nearly always higher for grazed wheat.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- grazed wheate6
- Outcome
- harvest index of graine6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e6“harvest index of grain was nearly always higher for grazed wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather differences affected grain production between years more than grazing stresses within a year.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Weather differencese7
- Outcome
- grain productione7
- Comparator
- grazing stressese7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e7“Weather differences affected grain production from year to year more than grazing stresses within a year”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield components were influenced inconsistently by the grazing treatments.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Components of yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“Components of yield were influenced in an inconsistent manner by the treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Moderate grazing did not damage TAM W-101 grain yield when trampling was avoided.
- Taxon
- winter wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- TAM W‐101e1
- Treatment
- moderate grazinge1
- Outcome
- grain yielde1
- Direction
- did not damagee1
- Qualifier
- trampling was avoidede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“growing winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)”
e1“grazing did not damage TAM W‐101 grain yield, when moderate grazing was used, trampling was avoided”
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See all 68 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.