Abstract
Sex expression in the dioecious plant white campion (Silene latifolia Poiret subsp. alba) appears to be insensitive to exogenous applications of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, and ethylene; however, silver thiosulfate (Ag(2)S(2)O(3)), an ethylene inhibitor, enhanced stamen development in female white campion. In wild-type females, stamen development is arrested before the microspore mother cells are formed. In contrast, stamens of Ag(2)S(2)O(3)-treated females completed meiosis and produced microspores. Stamen development for these females was incomplete, however, and pollen did not mature. Ag(2)S(2)O(3) stimulated stamen development to the same extent in asexual white campion mutants that retained a Y chromosome but had lost Y-linked genes needed for early stages of stamen development. Although Ag(2)S(2)O(3) can inhibit ethylene signaling, the enhancement of stamen development in female white campion cannot be explained as a loss of ethylene response because no other ethylene inhibitor tested (1-methylcyclopropene, trans-cyclooctene, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and cobalt chloride) caused stamens to develop in female plants. In addition, application of other metal ions could not enhance stamen development. Therefore, the effect we observed on female white campion was specifically caused by silver ions but not by their action on ethylene signaling.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid and ethylene did not alter sex expression.
- Taxon
- white campion
Silene latifolia subsp. albae0 - Treatment
- exogenous applications of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, and ethylenee0
- Outcome
- Sex expressione0
- Direction
- insensitivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sex expression in the dioecious plant white campion (Silene latifolia Poiret subsp. alba) appears to be insensitive to exogenous applications of auxins, cytokinins, gibberellic acid, and ethylene”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver thiosulfate enhanced stamen development in female white campion.
- Taxon
- female white campione0
- Treatment
- silver thiosulfate (Ag(2)S(2)O(3))e0
- Outcome
- stamen developmente0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“silver thiosulfate (Ag(2)S(2)O(3)), an ethylene inhibitor, enhanced stamen development in female white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Wild-type female stamens arrested before microspore mother cells formed.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albat0
- Material
- wild-type femalese0
- Outcome
- stamen development is arrested before the microspore mother cells are formede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In wild-type females, stamen development is arrested before the microspore mother cells are formed”
t0“white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Treated female stamens completed meiosis and produced microspores.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albat0
- Treatment
- Ag(2)S(2)O(3)-treatede0
- Outcome
- completed meiosis and produced microsporese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“stamens of Ag(2)S(2)O(3)-treated females completed meiosis and produced microspores”
t0“white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Pollen of treated females did not mature.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albat0
- Outcome
- pollen did not maturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Stamen development for these females was incomplete, however, and pollen did not mature”
t0“white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Silver thiosulfate stimulated mutant stamen development to the same extent.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albae0
- Material
- asexual white campion mutantse0
- Treatment
- Ag(2)S(2)O(3)e0
- Gene
- Y-linked genese0
- Outcome
- stamen developmente0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
- Qualifier
- to the same extente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ag(2)S(2)O(3) stimulated stamen development to the same extent in asexual white campion mutants that retained a Y chromosome but had lost Y-linked genes needed for early stages of stamen development”
Claim · model-written summary
Other tested ethylene inhibitors did not cause female stamens to develop.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albat0
- Treatment
- 1-methylcyclopropene, trans-cyclooctene, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and cobalt chloridee0
- Outcome
- stamens to develope0
- Direction
- no othere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no other ethylene inhibitor tested (1-methylcyclopropene, trans-cyclooctene, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, and cobalt chloride) caused stamens to develop in female plants”
t0“white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Other metal ions did not enhance stamen development.
- Taxon
- white campionSilene latifolia subsp. albat0
- Treatment
- other metal ionse0
- Outcome
- stamen developmente0
- Direction
- could not enhancee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of other metal ions could not enhance stamen development”
t0“white campion”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors attributed enhanced stamen development to silver ions independent of ethylene signaling.
Verbatim
e0“the effect we observed on female white campion was specifically caused by silver ions but not by their action on ethylene signaling”