Paper · 1997 · Agronomy Journal

Sorghum Response to Saline Industrial Cooling Water Applied at Three Growth Stages

April L. Ulery; Frederick F. Ernst

4
claims
8
verbatim quotes
7
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Saline wastewater from industrial or agricultural sources may be an alternative irrigation supply in arid regions if effective crop and water management strategies for their use are developed. A field experiment was conducted to determine if grain yields of sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] irrigated with undiluted saline waste‐water from cooling towers of an electrical power generation plant can be significantly increased by applying nonsaline water at a critical growth stage. The wastewater had an average electrical conductivity (EC) of 0.67 S m −1 and was high in CaSO 4 . Plot studies were conducted for 4 yr using conventional cultural practices and sprinkler irrigation on Tujunga loamy sand—Hanford fine sandy loam soil (mixed, thermic Typic Xeropsamment—coarse‐loamy, mixed, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthent). Highest grain yields were obtained from the nonsaline control plots and from treatments that received nonsaline water during either the vegetative or reproductive growth stages. Plant height decreased in response to salinity, and differences between treatments were apparent by 27 d after planting. Plant height and grain yield were both negatively correlated with soil salinity by the 3rd yr of the experiment. Over an extended length of time, the best treatment for maximizing yield and utilizing saline wastewater is the application of nonsaline water early in the season to germinate and establish seedlings, followed by saline water during the grain‐filling stage.

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Claims 4

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sorghum grain yield was highest in the nonsaline control and in treatments receiving nonsaline water during vegetative or reproductive growth.

Taxon
SorghumSorghumt0
Treatment
nonsaline water during either the vegetative or reproductive growth stagese1
Outcome
grain yieldse1
Direction
Higheste1
Comparator
nonsaline control plotse1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Sorghum Response to Saline Industrial Cooling Water Applied at Three Growth Stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e1

“Highest grain yields were obtained from the nonsaline control plots and from treatments that received nonsaline water during either the vegetative or reproductive growth stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 839–1015 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity decreased sorghum plant height.

Taxon
SorghumSorghumt0
Treatment
salinitye2
Outcome
Plant heighte2
Direction
decreasede2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Sorghum Response to Saline Industrial Cooling Water Applied at Three Growth Stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e2

“Plant height decreased in response to salinity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1017–1063 · show in text ↑
Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Plant height and grain yield of sorghum were negatively correlated with soil salinity by the third year.

Taxon
SorghumSorghumt0
Treatment
soil salinitye3
Outcome
Plant height and grain yielde3
Direction
negatively correlatede3

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Sorghum Response to Saline Industrial Cooling Water Applied at Three Growth Stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e3

“Plant height and grain yield were both negatively correlated with soil salinity by the 3rd yr of the experiment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1138–1249 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Over the long term, applying nonsaline water early in the season and saline water later is the best strategy for maximizing sorghum yield under saline wastewater.

Taxon
SorghumSorghumt0
Treatment
the application of nonsaline water early in the season to germinate and establish seedlingse4
Outcome
maximizing yielde4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Sorghum
Sorghum · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Evelyn Simak · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

t0

“Sorghum Response to Saline Industrial Cooling Water Applied at Three Growth Stages”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–82 · show in text ↑
e4

“the best treatment for maximizing yield and utilizing saline wastewater is the application of nonsaline water early in the season to germinate and establish seedlings”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1284–1450 · show in text ↑

salinity · growth · SorghumResults differ

89 papers: 11 positive, 78 negative or no effect

77 papers in the same direction as this paper · 11 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

85 papers more in this group

See all 89 papers →

stage · yield · SorghumPositive and negative results

29 papers: 17 positive, 12 negative or no effect

16 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

25 papers more in this group

See all 29 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.