Abstract
Abstract The effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) as an ameliorating agent on seawater stress was studied in canola (Brassica napus L.). Plants were raised in pots and exposed to seawater stress (30%) with or without 200 ppm CaCl2. Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR. In contrast, treatment with CaCl2 resulted mostly in a decrease in free amino acids, proline, Na and MDA as compared with the seawater plants, which partially alleviated the adverse effect of seawater salinity on growth. Seawater stress led to the appearance of four protein bands of molecular weights 94, 27, 25 and 13 KDa. Seed treatment with CaCl2 led to the appearance of six polypeptides with molecular weights 235, 87, 43, 27, 25 and 13 KDa. The 100, 57, 19, 17 and 14 KDa protein bands which were no longer apparent with salinity were apparent under the interactive effects of salinity and CaCl2. Keywords: antioxidant enzymescanolacalcium chlorideprotein patternsseawater ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is thankful to Professor Mohammed Abdu Khedr Shaddad, Assiut University for his support and encouragement.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress decreased growth, water content, leaf area in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLA
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Brassica napus var. napust0 - Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- growth, water content, leaf areae0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress decreased photosynthetic pigments, total sugars in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, total sugarse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress decreased potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratioe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress decreased ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity) in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress increased total protein, free amino acid, proline in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- total protein, free amino acid, prolinee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress increased Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seawater stress increased glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- Seawatere0
- Outcome
- glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater-stressed plants showed decreased growth, water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), K/ sodium (Na) ratio and ascorbate peroxidase (APX activity), and increased total protein, free amino acid, proline, Na, the activity of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione reductase (GR) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed soaking increased water content, leaf area under seawater stress.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- water content, leaf areae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed soaking increased photosynthetic pigments, total sugars under seawater stress.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, total sugarse0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed soaking increased total protein, K, Ca under seawater stress.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- total protein, K, Cae0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed soaking increased K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT under seawater stress.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- K/Na ratio and the activity of CATe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride seed soaking increased POD, APX and GR under seawater stress.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soakinge0
- Outcome
- POD, APX and GRe0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of 200 ppm of CaCl2 by seed soaking was accompanied by higher values of water content, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, total sugars, total protein, K, Ca, K/Na ratio and the activity of CAT, POD, APX and GR.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride decreased free amino acids, proline relative to seawater stress alone.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- free amino acids, prolinee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- seawater plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with CaCl2 resulted mostly in a decrease in free amino acids, proline, Na and MDA as compared with the seawater plants, which partially alleviated the adverse effect of seawater salinity on growth.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Calcium chloride decreased Na and MDA relative to seawater stress alone.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Treatment
- CaCl2e0
- Outcome
- Na and MDAe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- seawater plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“treatment with CaCl2 resulted mostly in a decrease in free amino acids, proline, Na and MDA as compared with the seawater plants, which partially alleviated the adverse effect of seawater salinity on growth.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
appearance of four protein bands in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- appearance of four protein bandse0
- Qualifier
- Seawater stress led to the appearance of four protein bands of molecular weights 94, 27, 25 and 13 KDa.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seawater stress led to the appearance of four protein bands of molecular weights 94, 27, 25 and 13 KDa.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
appearance of six polypeptides in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- appearance of six polypeptidese0
- Qualifier
- Seed treatment with CaCl2 led to the appearance of six polypeptides with molecular weights 235, 87, 43, 27, 25 and 13 KDa.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with CaCl2 led to the appearance of six polypeptides with molecular weights 235, 87, 43, 27, 25 and 13 KDa.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
Claim · model-written summary
protein bands which were no longer apparent with salinity were apparent in canola.
- Taxon
- CANOLABrassica napus var. napust0
- Outcome
- protein bands which were no longer apparent with salinity were apparente0
- Qualifier
- The 100, 57, 19, 17 and 14 KDa protein bands which were no longer apparent with salinity were apparent under the interactive effects of salinity and CaCl2.e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The 100, 57, 19, 17 and 14 KDa protein bands which were no longer apparent with salinity were apparent under the interactive effects of salinity and CaCl2.”
t0“CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUSL.)”
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