Paper · 1989 · Agronomy Journal

Salt Effects on Germination, Emergence, and Seedling Mortality of Onion

S. Miyamoto

8
claims
16
verbatim quotes
15
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract Good stands of furrow irrigated onion ( Allium cepa L.) are difficult to obtain in saline areas of the Southwest. This study examined salt effects on seed germination, emergence, and seedling mortality of five onion cultivars in a series of greenhouse experiments at diurnal temperatures of 15 to 25 °C. Germination exceeded 80% within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or less. Cultivar effects on germination appeared initially, but diminished after approximately 1 wk. Seedling emergence from potted and subirrigated loamy sand declined significantly when salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1 . This decline was apparently caused by hypocotyl mortality when the cotyledon came into contact with the salts accumulated at the soil surface, but not by reduced seed germination. Soluble salts accumulated mostly within the top 5 mm of the soil and the accumulation below 5 mm was minimal. The removal of the salted surface layer improved seedling emergence. Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively. A significant increase in seedling mortality was also observed when seedlings were sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1 . The ability of cotyledons and seedlings to tolerate salinity, rather than the ability of seed to germinate in highly saline solutions, may be a limiting factor for obtaining good stands in furrow‐irrigated onion in saline areas.

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The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 8

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Germination exceeded 80% within 10 days at salinity at most 20 dS m−1.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Outcome
Germinatione0
Direction
exceedede0
Value
80%e0
Qualifier
within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or lesse0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Germination exceeded 80% within 10 d at solution salinity of 20 dS m −1 or less.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–393 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Cultivar differences in germination diminished after about one week.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Outcome
Cultivar effects on germinatione0
Direction
diminishede0
Value
approximately 1 wke0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Cultivar effects on germination appeared initially, but diminished after approximately 1 wk.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 394–486 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Emergence declined significantly above irrigation water salinity of 4.9 dS m−1.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment
salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1e0
Outcome
Seedling emergencee0
Direction
declinede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Seedling emergence from potted and subirrigated loamy sand declined significantly when salinity of irrigation water exceeded 4.9 dS m −1 .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 487–625 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Hypocotyl mortality after cotyledon contact with surface salt apparently caused emergence decline.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Organ / stage
cotyledone0
Outcome
hypocotyl mortalitye0
Qualifier
salts accumulated at the soil surfacee0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“This decline was apparently caused by hypocotyl mortality when the cotyledon came into contact with the salts accumulated at the soil surface, but not by reduced seed germination.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 626–805 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Removing the salted surface layer improved emergence.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment
removal of the salted surface layere0
Outcome
seedling emergencee0
Direction
improvede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“The removal of the salted surface layer improved seedling emergence.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 916–984 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaching surface salts caused 12 seedling mortality after 2.8 subirrigation.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment
Leaching of the surface‐accumulated saltse0
Outcome
seedling mortalitye0
Value
12e0
Qualifier
2.8e0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1232 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaching surface salts caused 20% seedling mortality after 4.9 subirrigation.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment
Leaching of the surface‐accumulated saltse0
Outcome
seedling mortalitye0
Value
20%e0
Qualifier
4.9e0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Leaching of the surface‐accumulated salts into the seedling root zone 3 wk after seeding resulted in seedling mortality of significant magnitude; 12 and 20% in seedlings previously subirrigated with solutions of 2.8 and 4.9 dS m −1 , respectively.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1232 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Saline spraying significantly increased seedling mortality.

Taxon
OnionAllium cepat0
Treatment
sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1e0
Outcome
seedling mortalitye0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Allium cepa
Allium cepa · TaxonMehdi · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“A significant increase in seedling mortality was also observed when seedlings were sprayed twice after emergence with saline solutions of 28 and 39 dS m −1 .”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1233–1390 · show in text ↑
t0

“Onion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–71 · show in text ↑

salinity · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Results differ

46 papers: 6 positive, 40 negative or no effect

5 papers in the same direction as this paper · 40 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

42 papers more in this group

See all 46 papers →

application · pest · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

4 papers: 3 positive, 1 negative or no effect

3 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive
See all 4 papers →

irrigation · growth · Allium cepa (onion)Positive and negative results

60 papers: 35 positive, 25 negative or no effect

24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 35 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

56 papers more in this group

See all 60 papers →

salinity · pest · Allium cepa (onion)Results agree

2 papers: 0 positive, 2 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. negative
See all 2 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.