Abstract
Abstract The effect of soil heating on the dynamics of soil available nutrients in the rhizosphere was evaluated. A pot experiment was carried out by using a rhizobox; a pot which enables to sample soils and soil solutions not only temporally with plant growth but also spatially depending on the distance from the root-accumulating compartment. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments; soils with or without heating treatment (150°C, 3 h), each of which was either planted with maize (Zea mays L.) or not. During the 17-d experiment, soil solutions at 0–2 mm from the root-accumulating compartment were collected 5 times. Soils depending on the distance from the root-accumulating compartment and plants were also collected after the experiment. The ionic concentrations of the soil solutions and soil water extracts, and the nutrient contents of plants were analyzed. Immediately after soil heating, the concentrations of cations, SO4 2-, CI-, water-soluble P, and water-soluble organic carbon increased significantly. With plant growth, the total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solution increased for heated soil, whereas it decreased for unheated soil. The increase of the concentrations of cations and SO4 2- in the rhizosphere of heated soil was appreciable, suggesting that the movement of cations such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ by mass flow was regulated by that of SO4 2-. Moreover soil heating inhibited nitrification, resulting in the supply of N mainly in the form of NH4 + within 10 mm from the root-accumulating compartment. As a result, the soil pH decreased in the rhizosphere of heated soil. The amount of nutrients absorbed by plants, on the other hand, did not change significantly by soil heating except for an increase of P uptake. The increase of P uptake could be explained not only by the immediate increase of the water-soluble P concentration but also by the dissolution of Ca-bound P and the hydrolysis of water-soluble organic P in the rhizosphere. Key Words: nitrification inhibitionphosphorusrhizospheresoil heatingsoil solution
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Heating immediately increased cations, sulfate, chloride, soluble phosphorus and organic carbon in soil.
Zea maysNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immediately after soil heating, the concentrations of cations, SO4 2-, CI-, water-soluble P, and water-soluble organic carbon increased significantly”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating immediately increased water-soluble phosphorus and organic carbon.
- Treatment
- soil heatinge0
- Outcome
- water-soluble P, and water-soluble organic carbone0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Immediately after soil heating, the concentrations of cations, SO4 2-, CI-, water-soluble P, and water-soluble organic carbon increased significantly”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere solution total ionic concentration rose with plant growth in heated soil.
- Treatment
- heated soile0
- Outcome
- total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solutione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With plant growth, the total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solution increased for heated soil”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere solution total ionic concentration fell with plant growth in unheated soil.
- Treatment
- unheated soile0
- Outcome
- total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solutione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With plant growth, the total ionic concentration in the rhizosphere soil solution increased for heated soil, whereas it decreased for unheated soil”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cation and sulfate concentrations rose appreciably in the heated rhizosphere.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of the concentrations of cations and SO4 2- in the rhizosphere of heated soil was appreciable”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heating inhibited nitrification.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“soil heating inhibited nitrification”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating supplied nitrogen mainly as ammonium within 10 mm of the root compartment.
- Outcome
- supply of N mainly in the form of NH4 +e0
- Qualifier
- within 10 mm from the root-accumulating compartmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in the supply of N mainly in the form of NH4 + within 10 mm from the root-accumulating compartment”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizosphere pH declined in heated soil.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil pH decreased in the rhizosphere of heated soil”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating did not significantly change plant nutrient absorption apart from phosphorus.
- Treatment
- soil heatinge0
- Outcome
- amount of nutrients absorbed by plantse0
- Direction
- did not change significantlye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of nutrients absorbed by plants, on the other hand, did not change significantly by soil heating except for an increase of P uptake”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating increased plant phosphorus uptake.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“except for an increase of P uptake”
t0“soil heating”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased soluble phosphorus and dissolution or hydrolysis of bound phosphorus could explain phosphorus uptake.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increase of P uptake could be explained not only by the immediate increase of the water-soluble P concentration but also by the dissolution of Ca-bound P and the hydrolysis of water-soluble organic P in the rhizosphere”
t0“rhizosphere”
e1“maize (Zea mays L.)”
The same questions in other papers
heat · nutrient: content · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- no effect
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.