Paper · 2011 · Environment Control in Biology

Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 on Non-native Plants: Comparison of Two Important Southeastern Ornamentals

G. Brett RUNION; Heidi M. FINEGAN; Stephen A. PRIOR; et al.

13
claims
25
verbatim quotes
3
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access

Abstract

Understanding how ornamentals will respond to the increasing level of CO2 in the atmosphere will aid future plant selection. In addition, understanding how rising levels of CO2 affect the potential of introduced ornamentals to become invasive weeds will be crucial to future management. This study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 on growth of two non-native plants commonly used as ornamentals in the southeastern U.S. Lantana (Lantana camara) and vinca (Catharanthus roseus) were grown at either 375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2 for four months in open top field chambers. Measurements of plant morphology, biomass, and plant tissue nitrogen were made for both species. Lantana growth was more responsive to elevated CO2 than was vinca. Lantana root and total plant dry weights were increased by 31 and 19%, respectively; in vinca, these values increased by only 9% each. Vinca root length was unaffected by CO2, however, it was increased by 46% in lantana. Elevated CO2 had no effect on flower dry weight for either species. This study suggests that rising atmospheric CO2 will have little impact on vinca as either an ornamental or as a potential invasive weed. Lantana's value as an ornamental may increase due to its abundant growth under elevated CO2. Lantana's greater root growth may also increase its drought tolerance, adding to its ornamental potential. However, the factors which may make it a more desirable ornamental under future higher CO2 conditions could also enhance its potential to become a serious invasive weed in the southeastern U.S.

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Claims 13

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lantana growth responded more strongly to elevated CO2 than vinca growth.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae0
Treatment
elevated CO2e0
Outcome
growthe0
Direction
more responsivee0
Comparator
vincae0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lantana growth was more responsive to elevated CO2 than was vinca”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 717–782 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lantana root dry weight increased by 31%.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae0
Treatment
575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2e1
Outcome
roote0
Direction
increasede0
Value
31e0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lantana root and total plant dry weights were increased by 31 and 19%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–867 · show in text ↑
e1

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lantana total plant dry weight increased by 19%.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae0
Treatment
575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2e1
Outcome
total plant dry weightse0
Direction
increasede0
Value
19%e0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lantana root and total plant dry weights were increased by 31 and 19%, respectively”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–867 · show in text ↑
e1

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vinca root dry weight increased by 9%.

Taxon
vincaVincae0
Treatment
575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2e2
Outcome
roote1
Direction
increasede0
Value
9%e0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vinca
Vinca · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)G.Hagedorn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in vinca, these values increased by only 9% each”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–917 · show in text ↑
e1

“Lantana root and total plant dry weights”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–824 · show in text ↑
e2

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vinca total plant dry weight increased by 9%.

Taxon
vincaVincae0
Treatment
575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2e2
Outcome
total plant dry weightse1
Direction
increasede0
Value
9%e0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vinca
Vinca · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)G.Hagedorn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“in vinca, these values increased by only 9% each”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 869–917 · show in text ↑
e1

“Lantana root and total plant dry weights”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–824 · show in text ↑
e2

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Lantana root length increased by 46% under elevated CO2.

Taxon
lantanaLantanae0
Treatment
575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2e2
Outcome
root lengthe1
Direction
increasede0
Value
46%e0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e2

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“it was increased by 46% in lantana”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 969–1003 · show in text ↑
e1

“Vinca root length was unaffected by CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 919–958 · show in text ↑
e2

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Vinca root length was unaffected by CO2.

Taxon
VincaVincae0
Treatment
CO2e0
Outcome
root lengthe0
Direction
unaffectede0
Comparator
375μmol mol−1 (ambient)e1

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vinca
Vinca · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)G.Hagedorn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Vinca root length was unaffected by CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 919–958 · show in text ↑
e1

“375μmol mol−1 (ambient) or 575μmol mol−1 (elevated) CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 520–575 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 had no effect on Lantana flower dry weight.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae1
Treatment
Elevated CO2e0
Outcome
flower dry weighte0
Direction
no effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Elevated CO2 had no effect on flower dry weight for either species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1005–1071 · show in text ↑
e1

“Lantana (Lantana camara) and vinca (Catharanthus roseus)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 442–498 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 had no effect on vinca flower dry weight.

Taxon
vincaVincae1
Treatment
Elevated CO2e0
Outcome
flower dry weighte0
Direction
no effecte0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vinca
Vinca · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)G.Hagedorn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Elevated CO2 had no effect on flower dry weight for either species”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1005–1071 · show in text ↑
e1

“Lantana (Lantana camara) and vinca (Catharanthus roseus)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 442–498 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Rising CO2 was interpreted to have little impact on vinca as an ornamental or invasive weed.

Taxon
vincaVincae0
Outcome
little impact on vinca as either an ornamental or as a potential invasive weede0
Direction
little impacte0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Vinca
Vinca · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)G.Hagedorn · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“rising atmospheric CO2 will have little impact on vinca as either an ornamental or as a potential invasive weed”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1098–1209 · show in text ↑
Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Elevated CO2 may increase Lantana ornamental value through abundant growth.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae0
Outcome
value as an ornamentale0
Direction
increasee0
Qualifier
maye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lantana's value as an ornamental may increase due to its abundant growth under elevated CO2”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1211–1302 · show in text ↑
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Greater Lantana root growth may increase drought tolerance.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae0
Organ / stage
roote0
Outcome
drought tolerancee0
Direction
increasee0
Qualifier
maye0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Lantana's greater root growth may also increase its drought tolerance”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1304–1373 · show in text ↑
Observationhypothesisoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Traits favored by high CO2 could enhance Lantana invasive potential in the southeastern US.

Taxon
LantanaLantanae1
Outcome
potential to become a serious invasive weede0
Direction
enhancee0
Setting
southeastern U.S.e0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Lantana
Lantana · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)Alvesgaspar · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“could also enhance its potential to become a serious invasive weed in the southeastern U.S.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1513–1604 · show in text ↑
e1

“Lantana's greater root growth”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1304–1333 · show in text ↑