Abstract
Crop fertilization is an important component of integrated weed management systems. A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of various application timing–tillage intensities and N sources on weed growth and spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield. Timing–tillage treatments consisted of applying the various N sources in either the previous fall or in spring each under zero‐till or tilled conditions. Nitrogen sources consisted of granular ammonium nitrate fertilizer applied either surface broadcast or subsurface banded 10 cm deep between every second wheat row, fresh cattle ( Bos taurus ) manure, and composted cattle manure. An unfertilized control also was included. Treatments were applied in four consecutive years to determine annual and cumulative effects. Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds, decreased weed biomass, and increased wheat yield. Weed N uptake and growth with fresh and composted manure tended to be intermediary between banded and broadcast N fertilizer in the initial year but was similar to or greater than that with broadcast N fertilizer in subsequent years. The gradual N release from manure and compost over years appeared to benefit weeds more than spring wheat. The ranking of the weed seedbank at the conclusion of the 4‐yr experiment was composted manure = fresh manure ≥ broadcast N fertilizer > banded N fertilizer. Information gained in this study will be utilized to develop more efficient fertilization strategies as components of integrated weed management programs in spring wheat production systems.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface-banded N often reduced N uptake by weeds compared with broadcast N fertilizer
- Taxon
- spring wheat
Triticum aestivume5 - Treatment
- Subsurface‐banded Ne0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- N uptake by weedse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- oftene0
- Comparator
- broadcast N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface-banded N decreased weed biomass compared with broadcast N fertilizer
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- Subsurface‐banded Ne0
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed biomasse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Comparator
- broadcast N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e1“decreased weed biomass”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Subsurface-banded N increased spring wheat yield compared with broadcast N fertilizer
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- Subsurface‐banded Ne0
- Outcome
- wheat yielde2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Comparator
- broadcast N fertilizere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e2“increased wheat yield”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed N uptake and growth with fresh and composted manure were intermediate between banded and broadcast N fertilizer in the initial year
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- fresh and composted manuree3
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weed N uptake and growthe3
- Direction
- intermediarye3
- Qualifier
- in the initial yeare3
- Comparator
- banded and broadcast N fertilizere3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e3“Weed N uptake and growth with fresh and composted manure tended to be intermediary between banded and broadcast N fertilizer in the initial year”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed N uptake and growth with fresh and composted manure were similar to or greater than with broadcast N fertilizer in subsequent years
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Treatment
- fresh and composted manuree3
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- Weed N uptake and growthe3
- Direction
- similar to or greater thane4
- Qualifier
- in subsequent yearse4
- Comparator
- broadcast N fertilizere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e3“Weed N uptake and growth with fresh and composted manure tended to be intermediary between banded and broadcast N fertilizer in the initial year”
e4“but was similar to or greater than that with broadcast N fertilizer in subsequent years”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed seedbank ranking after the 4-year experiment placed composted manure and fresh manure highest and banded N fertilizer lowest
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Interactor
- weedse0weed
- Outcome
- weed seedbanke6
- Qualifier
- composted manure = fresh manure ≥ broadcast N fertilizer > banded N fertilizere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Subsurface‐banded N compared with broadcast N fertilizer often reduced N uptake by weeds”
e5“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) yield”
e6“The ranking of the weed seedbank”
e7“composted manure = fresh manure ≥ broadcast N fertilizer > banded N fertilizer”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 49 in the opposite direction
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- positive
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