Paper · 1970 · Agronomy Journal

Productivity of Crimson and Arrowleaf Clovers Grown in a Coastal Bermudagrass Sod1

W. E. Knight

14
claims
16
verbatim quotes
32
citations
3
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Abstract A split‐plot field experiment compared annual seeding and self‐reseeding of crimson and arrowleaf clovers in a Coastal bermudagrass sod. Clover species did not differ significantly for seedling counts. Earlier growth was produced by self‐reseeding stands. However, stands from both methods of seeding were good and growth was relatively uniform in all plots. Differences in total production were not significant for method of seeding. Crimson clover averaged 33% more forage than arrowleaf. The lower yields of arrowleaf were caused by poor recovery and regrowth under drought stress. Grass following clover produced 18% more forage than grass receiving 224 kg/ha N without clover. Total grass yields following crimson and arrowleaf clovers were not significantly different. However, the first grass harvest following arrowleaf was always reduced. This was caused by greater competition from arrowleaf clover than from the earlier maturing crimson clovers. Total forage production was 47% higher from the sequence of clover‐Coastal bermudagrass than from grass — 224 kg/ha N — no clover. Highest total forage was produced by crimson clover‐bermudagrass. Crimson clover contributed 22% to total yield compared to 17% for arrowleaf. This study suggests the utilization of winter annual clovers to partially supply the nitrogen requirement of summer growing grasses. In addition to a reduction in the mineral nitrate requirement, other benefits would be an extended grazing season, increased total forage production, increased forage quality, and better utilization of land resources.

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Claims 14

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Clover species did not differ significantly in seedling counts.

Taxon
CloverTrifoliume0
Outcome
seedling countse0
Direction
did not differe0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Clover species did not differ significantly for seedling counts.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 146–210 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Self-reseeding stands produced earlier growth.

Taxon
CloversTrifoliumt0
Treatment
self‐reseedinge0
Outcome
Earlier growthe0
Direction
Earliere0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Earlier growth was produced by self‐reseeding stands.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 211–264 · show in text ↑
t0

“Clovers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–45 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Total production did not differ significantly by seeding method.

Taxon
CloversTrifoliumt0
Treatment
method of seedinge0
Outcome
total productione0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Trifolium
Trifolium · Taxon · picture of the genus (one of its species)AnRo0002 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Differences in total production were not significant for method of seeding.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 368–443 · show in text ↑
t0

“Clovers”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–45 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Crimson clover averaged 33% more forage than arrowleaf.

Taxon
Crimson clovere0
Outcome
foragee0
Direction
moree0
Value
33%e0
Comparator
arrowleafe0

Verbatim

e0

“Crimson clover averaged 33% more forage than arrowleaf.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 444–499 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Arrowleaf had lower yields due to poor recovery and regrowth during drought.

Taxon
arrowleafe0
Outcome
lower yieldse0
Qualifier
poor recovery and regrowth under drought stresse0

Verbatim

e0

“The lower yields of arrowleaf were caused by poor recovery and regrowth under drought stress.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 500–593 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Grass after clover produced 18% more forage than fertilized grass without clover.

Taxon
Grasse0
Treatment
following clovere0
Outcome
foragee0
Direction
moree0
Value
18%e0
Comparator
grass receiving 224 kg/ha N without clovere0

Verbatim

e0

“Grass following clover produced 18% more forage than grass receiving 224 kg/ha N without clover.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–690 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Total grass yield did not significantly differ after crimson versus arrowleaf clover.

Taxon
grasse0
Outcome
Total grass yieldse0
Direction
not significantly differente0

Verbatim

e0

“Total grass yields following crimson and arrowleaf clovers were not significantly different.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 691–783 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The first grass harvest after arrowleaf was reduced.

Taxon
grasse0
Outcome
first grass harveste0
Direction
reducede0

Verbatim

e0

“the first grass harvest following arrowleaf was always reduced.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 793–856 · show in text ↑
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Greater competition from arrowleaf than crimson clover caused the first-harvest reduction.

Taxon
arrowleaf clovere0
Interactor
crimson cloverse0other
Outcome
greater competitione0

Verbatim

e0

“This was caused by greater competition from arrowleaf clover than from the earlier maturing crimson clovers.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 857–965 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clover followed by Coastal bermudagrass produced 47% more total forage than fertilized grass without clover.

Taxon
Coastal bermudagrasse0
Treatment
sequence of clover‐Coastal bermudagrasse0
Outcome
Total forage productione0
Direction
highere0
Value
47%e0
Comparator
grass — 224 kg/ha N — no clovere0

Verbatim

e0

“Total forage production was 47% higher from the sequence of clover‐Coastal bermudagrass than from grass — 224 kg/ha N — no clover.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 966–1096 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The crimson clover–bermudagrass sequence produced the highest total forage.

Taxon
bermudagrassCynodon dactylone0
Outcome
total foragee0
Direction
Higheste0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Cynodon dactylon
Cynodon dactylon · TaxonRobert Flogaus-Faust · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Highest total forage was produced by crimson clover‐bermudagrass.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1097–1162 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Crimson clover contributed 22% to total yield.

Taxon
Crimson clovere0
Outcome
total yielde0
Value
22%e0

Verbatim

e0

“Crimson clover contributed 22% to total yield”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1163–1208 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Arrowleaf contributed 17% to total yield.

Taxon
arrowleafe0
Outcome
arrowleafe0
Value
17%e0

Verbatim

e0

“compared to 17% for arrowleaf”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1209–1238 · show in text ↑
Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommend winter annual clovers to supply part of summer grass nitrogen needs.

Taxon
winter annual cloverse0
Outcome
partially supply the nitrogen requirement of summer growing grassese0

Verbatim

e0

“This study suggests the utilization of winter annual clovers to partially supply the nitrogen requirement of summer growing grasses.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1240–1372 · show in text ↑