Abstract
Several commercial formulations of botanical extracts and essential oils are being investigated as possible alternatives to soil fumigation for control of Fusarium wilt diseases. Soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts of clove (70% clove oil), neem (90% neem oil), pepper/mustard (chili pepper extract and essential oil of mustard), cassia (extract of cassia tree), and Banrot (a standard fungicide applied at different labeled rates) in separate experiments. Population densities of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi were determined at 0 (before treatment), 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. Treatment of the soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions resulted in significant (P < 0.05) differences among treatment means at each assay date. After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. Neem oil extract increased the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi at all concentrations tested. Banrot did not reduce the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in any experiment. In a second, related experiment, soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis also was treated with 1, 5, and 10% aqueous emulsions of formulated extracts, incubated in closed plastic bags for 1 week, and planted with muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star) in the greenhouse. Treatment of infested soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extracts resulted in differences among treatments after 5 to 6 weeks. The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand). The observed reduction in the pathogen population and increased healthy plant stand in the greenhouse indicates that these extracts could have important roles in biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseases.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper/mustard at 10% reduced the chrysanthemi pathogen population by 99.9% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- muskmelon
.jpg?width=60)
Cucumis meloe1 - Treatment
- pepper/mustarde0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0pathogen - Outcome
- population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 99.9e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassia at 10% reduced the chrysanthemi pathogen population by 96.1% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- cassiae0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 96.1e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove at 10% reduced the chrysanthemi pathogen population by 97.5% after 3 days.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- clove extractse0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 97.5%e0
- Comparator
- untreated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After 3 days, pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts added as 10% aqueous emulsions reduced the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi 99.9, 96.1, and 97.5%, respectively, compared with the untreated control.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem oil extract increased the chrysanthemi pathogen population at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- Neem oil extracte0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- at all concentrations testede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem oil extract increased the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi at all concentrations tested.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
Banrot did not reduce the chrysanthemi pathogen population.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- Banrote0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemiFusarium oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0pathogen
- Outcome
- population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemie0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Banrot did not reduce the population density of F. oxysporum f. sp. chrysanthemi in any experiment.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
The botanical extract treatments differed after 5 to 6 weeks in infested muskmelon soil.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extractse0
- Outcome
- differences among treatmentse0
- Qualifier
- after 5 to 6 weekse0
- Comparator
- treatmentse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of infested soil with 5 and 10% aqueous emulsions of the botanical extracts resulted in differences among treatments after 5 to 6 weeks.”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pepper/mustard suppressed Fusarium wilt, with 80 to 100% healthy muskmelon stand versus less than 20% in untreated infested soil.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- pepper/mustarde0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonisFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonise2pathogen
- Outcome
- healthy plant stande0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 80 to 100%e0
- Qualifier
- <20% stande0
- Comparator
- untreated infested soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand).”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
e2“soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis”
Claim · model-written summary
Cassia suppressed Fusarium wilt, with 80 to 100% healthy muskmelon stand versus less than 20% in untreated infested soil.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- cassiae0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonisFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonise2pathogen
- Outcome
- healthy plant stande0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 80 to 100%e0
- Qualifier
- <20% stande0
- Comparator
- untreated infested soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand).”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
e2“soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis”
Claim · model-written summary
Clove suppressed Fusarium wilt, with 80 to 100% healthy muskmelon stand versus less than 20% in untreated infested soil.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Treatment
- clove extractse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonisFusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonise2pathogen
- Outcome
- healthy plant stande0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Value
- 80 to 100%e0
- Qualifier
- <20% stande0
- Comparator
- untreated infested soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The pepper/mustard, cassia, and clove extracts suppressed disease development in repeated experiments (80 to 100% healthy plant stand) compared with the untreated infested soil (<20% stand).”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
e2“soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these extracts for biological management of Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- muskmelonCucumis meloe1
- Outcome
- biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“these extracts could have important roles in biologically based management strategies for control of Fusarium wilt diseases”
e1“muskmelon seeds (cv. Gold Star)”
The same questions in other papers
botanical · Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis · Cucumis melo (muskmelon)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.