Abstract
Abstract Due to continuous single nitrogen fertilization, we hypothesized a built-up deficiency of micronutrients in crops that would limit plant growth and crop quality. In 2-year field experiments using urea-N fertilized grain maize (Zea mays L.), hybrid KWS 2376 at 0, 120 and 240 kg N ha−1 crop uptake of Zn, Mn, Cu and Fe was studied at DC 32, DC 61 and in the grain harvested. Micronutrient contents at DC 32 stage – 1st node (aboveground phytomass) and DC 61 – flowering (ear leaf) were all at levels indicative of adequate micronutrient supply to the crop. At both sampling occasions the Fe:Zn and Fe:Mn ratios were adequate implying that Fe did not inhibit the uptake of Zn and Mn. The application of nitrogen increased the Fe content at the 1st sampling in both years; in the second year the same was also the case for the Zn content. Nitrogen nutrition increased the contents of Mn and Fe at the 2nd sampling only in year 2; in the other treatments no changes were observed in the micronutrient contents. Micronutrient correlations in the grain were discovered between Zn and Mn contents and between Fe and Mn contents. In the second year the highest N-rate significantly increased the Fe and Zn content of the grain compared with the lower rates of nitrogen fertilization. Grain yields were not affected by the rate of nitrogen and ranged between 13.65 and 14.34 t ha−1 (1st year) and between 13.68 and 14.18 t ha−1 (2nd year). Nitrogen fertilization did not reduce the content of micronutrients in the plant or grain of maize. It is evident that the continuous single use of N fertilization so far has not resulted in a micronutrient deficiency of the plants limiting the nutrient density of the grain or reducing its quality.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Maize micronutrient contents at the first node and flowering stages indicated adequate supply.
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrient contents at DC 32 stage – 1st node (aboveground phytomass) and DC 61 – flowering (ear leaf) were all at levels indicative of adequate micronutrient supply to the crop.”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate Fe:Zn and Fe:Mn ratios implied no inhibition of Zn and Mn uptake by Fe.
Verbatim
e0“At both sampling occasions the Fe:Zn and Fe:Mn ratios were adequate implying that Fe did not inhibit the uptake of Zn and Mn.”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen application increased Fe content at first sampling in both years.
- Taxon
- grain maizee1
- Treatment
- application of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Fe contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 1st sampling in both yearse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The application of nitrogen increased the Fe content at the 1st sampling in both years”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen increased Zn content at first sampling in the second year.
- Taxon
- grain maizee2
- Treatment
- application of nitrogene1
- Outcome
- Zn contente0
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- in the second yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“in the second year the same was also the case for the Zn content”
e1“The application of nitrogen increased the Fe content at the 1st sampling in both years”
e2“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen nutrition increased Mn and Fe contents at second sampling only in year two.
- Taxon
- grain maizee1
- Treatment
- Nitrogen nutritione0
- Outcome
- contents of Mn and Fee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 2nd sampling only in year 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Nitrogen nutrition increased the contents of Mn and Fe at the 2nd sampling only in year 2”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Zn and Mn contents were correlated.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Micronutrient correlations in the grain were discovered between Zn and Mn contents”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain Fe and Mn contents were correlated.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“between Fe and Mn contents”
e1“Micronutrient correlations in the grain were discovered between Zn and Mn contents and between Fe and Mn contents.”
e2“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest N rate significantly increased grain Fe and Zn content relative to lower rates in year two.
Verbatim
e0“In the second year the highest N-rate significantly increased the Fe and Zn content of the grain compared with the lower rates of nitrogen fertilization.”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield did not vary with nitrogen rate, ranging from 13.65 to 14.34 t ha−1 in year one.
- Taxon
- grain maizee1
- Treatment
- rate of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 13.65 and 14.34 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 1st yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were not affected by the rate of nitrogen and ranged between 13.65 and 14.34 t ha−1 (1st year)”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield did not vary with nitrogen rate, ranging from 13.68 to 14.18 t ha−1 in year two.
- Taxon
- grain maizee1
- Treatment
- rate of nitrogene0
- Outcome
- Grain yieldse0
- Direction
- not affectede0
- Value
- 13.68 and 14.18 t ha−1e0
- Qualifier
- 2nd yeare0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Grain yields were not affected by the rate of nitrogen and ranged between 13.65 and 14.34 t ha−1 (1st year) and between 13.68 and 14.18 t ha−1 (2nd year).”
e1“grain maize (Zea mays L.)”
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See all 2,185 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.