Abstract
Abstract Root proliferation and greater uptake per unit of root in the nutrient‐rich zones are often considered to be compensatory responses. This study aimed to examine the influence of plant phosphorus (P) status and P distribution in the root zone on root P acquisition and root and shoot growth of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in a split‐root soil culture. One compartment (A) was supplied with either 4 or 14 mg P (kg soil) –1 , whereas the adjoining compartment (B) had 4 mg P kg –1 with a vertical high‐P strip (44 mg kg –1 ) at 90–110 mm from the plant. Three weeks after growing in the split‐root system, plants with 4 mg P kg –1 (low‐P plants) started to show stimulatory root growth in the high‐P strip. Two weeks later, root dry weight and length density in the high‐P strip were significantly greater for the low‐P plants than for the plants with 14 mg P (kg soil) –1 . However, after 8 weeks of growth in the split‐root system, the two P treatments of compartment A had similar root growth in the high‐P strip of compartment B. The study also showed that shoot P concentrations in the low‐P plants were 0.6–0.8 mg g –1 compared with 1.7–1.9 mg g –1 in the 14 mg P kg –1 plants after 3 and 5 weeks of growth, but were similar (1.1–1.4 mg g –1 ) between the two plants by week 8. The low‐P plants had lower root P concentration in both compartments than those with 14 mg P kg –1 throughout the three harvests. The findings may indicate that root proliferation and P acquisition under heterogeneous conditions are influenced by shoot P status (internal) and soil P distribution (external). There were no differences in the total root and shoot dry weight between the two P treatments at weeks 3 and 5 because enhanced root growth and P uptake in the high‐P strip by the low‐P plants were compensated by reduced root growth elsewhere. In contrast, total plant growth and total root and shoot P contents were greater in the 14 mg P kg – 1 soil than in the low‐P soil at week 8. The two P treatments did not affect the ratio of root to shoot dry weight with time. The results suggest that root proliferation and greater P uptake in the P‐enriched zone may meet the demand for P by P‐deficient plants only for a limited period of time.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P wheat began stimulated root growth in the enriched strip after three weeks.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 4 mg P kg –1e0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- stimulatorye0
- Setting
- high‐P stripe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three weeks after growing in the split‐root system, plants with 4 mg P kg –1 (low‐P plants) started to show stimulatory root growth in the high‐P strip”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At five weeks, root dry weight and length density in the high-P strip were greater for low-P plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low‐P plantse0
- Outcome
- root dry weight and length densitye0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- plants with 14 mg P (kg soil) –1e0
- Setting
- high‐P stripe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root dry weight and length density in the high‐P strip were significantly greater for the low‐P plants than for the plants with 14 mg P (kg soil) –1”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
At eight weeks, the treatments had similar root growth in the high-P strip.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two P treatments of compartment Ae0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- similare0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after 8 weeks of growth in the split‐root system, the two P treatments of compartment A had similar root growth in the high‐P strip of compartment B”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot P was lower in low-P than higher-P wheat at weeks three and five.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low‐P plantse0
- Outcome
- shoot P concentrationse0
- Value
- 0.6–0.8 mg g –1e0
- Qualifier
- 1.7–1.9 mg g –1e0
- Comparator
- 14 mg P kg –1 plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“shoot P concentrations in the low‐P plants were 0.6–0.8 mg g –1 compared with 1.7–1.9 mg g –1 in the 14 mg P kg –1 plants after 3 and 5 weeks of growth”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot P was similar between treatments by week eight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two plantse0
- Outcome
- similar (1.1–1.4 mg g –1 )e0
- Direction
- similare0
- Value
- 1.1–1.4 mg g –1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“were similar (1.1–1.4 mg g –1 ) between the two plants by week 8”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Low-P plants had lower root P concentrations in both compartments across harvests.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- low‐P plantse0
- Outcome
- root P concentratione0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- those with 14 mg P kg –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The low‐P plants had lower root P concentration in both compartments than those with 14 mg P kg –1 throughout the three harvests”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root and shoot dry weights were similar between P treatments at weeks three and five.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two P treatmentse0
- Outcome
- total root and shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- no differencese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in the total root and shoot dry weight between the two P treatments at weeks 3 and 5”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced growth and P uptake in the enriched strip were offset by reduced growth elsewhere.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- enhanced root growth and P uptake in the high‐P stripe0
- Qualifier
- compensated by reduced root growth elsewheree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced root growth and P uptake in the high‐P strip by the low‐P plants were compensated by reduced root growth elsewhere”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total plant growth was greater in high-P soil at week eight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 14 mg P kg – 1 soile0
- Outcome
- total plant growthe0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- low‐P soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total plant growth and total root and shoot P contents were greater in the 14 mg P kg – 1 soil than in the low‐P soil at week 8”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Total root and shoot P contents were greater in high-P soil at week eight.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 14 mg P kg – 1 soile0
- Outcome
- total root and shoot P contentse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- low‐P soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total plant growth and total root and shoot P contents were greater in the 14 mg P kg – 1 soil than in the low‐P soil at week 8”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
P treatments did not affect root-to-shoot dry-weight ratio over time.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- two P treatmentse0
- Outcome
- ratio of root to shoot dry weighte0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two P treatments did not affect the ratio of root to shoot dry weight with time”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggested enriched-zone root proliferation and P uptake meet deficient plants’ demand only temporarily.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- meet the demand for P by P‐deficient plantse0
- Qualifier
- only for a limited period of timee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root proliferation and greater P uptake in the P‐enriched zone may meet the demand for P by P‐deficient plants only for a limited period of time”
t0“wheat”
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