Abstract
Acaricidal effects of three essential oils extracted from Mexican oregano leaves (Lippia graveolens Kunth), rosemary leaves (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and garlic bulbs (Allium sativum L.) on 10-d-old Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini) tick larvae were evaluated by using the larval packet test bioassay. Serial dilutions of the three essential oils were tested from a starting concentration of 20 to 1.25%. Results showed that both Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils had very similar activity, producing high mortality (90-100%) in all tested concentrations on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae. Rosemary essential oil produced >85% larval mortality at the higher concentrations (10 and 20%), but the effect decreased noticeably to 40% at an oil concentration of 5%, and mortality was absent at 2.5 and 1.25% of the essential oil concentration. Chemical composition of the essential oils was elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. Mexican oregano essential oil included thymol (24.59%), carvacrol (24.54%), p-cymene (13.6%), and y-terpinene (7.43%) as its main compounds, whereas rosemary essential oil was rich in a-pinene (31.07%), verbenone (15.26%), and 1,8-cineol (14.2%), and garlic essential oil was rich in diallyl trisulfide (33.57%), diallyl disulfide (30.93%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (11.28%). These results suggest that Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils merit further investigation as components of alternative approaches for R. microplus tick control.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican oregano oil caused 90-100% tick larval mortality at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- R. microplus
Rhipicephalus micropluse0 - Treatment
- Mexican oreganoe0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 90-100%e0
- Qualifier
- all tested concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that both Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils had very similar activity, producing high mortality (90-100%) in all tested concentrations on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil caused 90-100% tick larval mortality at all tested concentrations.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse0
- Treatment
- garlic essential oilse0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 90-100%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Results showed that both Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils had very similar activity, producing high mortality (90-100%) in all tested concentrations on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil caused greater than 85% larval mortality at 10 and 20% concentrations.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse1
- Treatment
- Rosemary essential oile0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Value
- >85%e0
- Qualifier
- 10 and 20%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosemary essential oil produced >85% larval mortality at the higher concentrations (10 and 20%)”
e1“on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil mortality decreased to 40% at 5% oil concentration.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse1
- Treatment
- oil concentration of 5%e0
- Outcome
- larval mortalitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 40%e0
- Comparator
- higher concentrationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rosemary essential oil produced >85% larval mortality at the higher concentrations (10 and 20%), but the effect decreased noticeably to 40% at an oil concentration of 5%”
e1“on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil caused no mortality at 2.5 and 1.25% concentrations.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse1
- Treatment
- 2.5 and 1.25% of the essential oil concentratione0
- Outcome
- mortalitye0
- Direction
- absente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mortality was absent at 2.5 and 1.25% of the essential oil concentration.”
e1“on 10-d-old R. microplus tick larvae.”
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican oregano oil contained thymol at 24.59%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mexican oregano essential oil included thymol (24.59%), carvacrol (24.54%), p-cymene (13.6%), and y-terpinene (7.43%) as its main compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican oregano oil contained carvacrol at 24.54%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mexican oregano essential oil included thymol (24.59%), carvacrol (24.54%), p-cymene (13.6%), and y-terpinene (7.43%) as its main compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican oregano oil contained p-cymene at 13.6%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mexican oregano essential oil included thymol (24.59%), carvacrol (24.54%), p-cymene (13.6%), and y-terpinene (7.43%) as its main compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Mexican oregano oil contained y-terpinene at 7.43%.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Mexican oregano essential oil included thymol (24.59%), carvacrol (24.54%), p-cymene (13.6%), and y-terpinene (7.43%) as its main compounds”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil contained a-pinene at 31.07%.
- Taxon
- rosemary
Salvia rosmarinuse0 - Outcome
- a-pinenee0
- Value
- 31.07%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rosemary essential oil was rich in a-pinene (31.07%), verbenone (15.26%), and 1,8-cineol (14.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil contained verbenone at 15.26%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- verbenonee0
- Value
- 15.26%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rosemary essential oil was rich in a-pinene (31.07%), verbenone (15.26%), and 1,8-cineol (14.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rosemary oil contained 1,8-cineol at 14.2%.
- Taxon
- rosemarySalvia rosmarinuse0
- Outcome
- 1,8-cineole0
- Value
- 14.2%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rosemary essential oil was rich in a-pinene (31.07%), verbenone (15.26%), and 1,8-cineol (14.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil contained diallyl trisulfide at 33.57%.
- Taxon
- garlic
Allium sativume0 - Outcome
- diallyl trisulfidee0
- Value
- 33.57%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic essential oil was rich in diallyl trisulfide (33.57%), diallyl disulfide (30.93%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (11.28%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil contained diallyl disulfide at 30.93%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- diallyl disulfidee0
- Value
- 30.93%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic essential oil was rich in diallyl trisulfide (33.57%), diallyl disulfide (30.93%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (11.28%).”
Claim · model-written summary
Garlic oil contained methyl allyl trisulfide at 11.28%.
- Taxon
- garlicAllium sativume0
- Outcome
- methyl allyl trisulfidee0
- Value
- 11.28%e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“garlic essential oil was rich in diallyl trisulfide (33.57%), diallyl disulfide (30.93%), and methyl allyl trisulfide (11.28%).”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further investigation of Mexican oregano oil for tick control.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse0
- Treatment
- Mexican oreganoe0
- Outcome
- further investigation as components of alternative approaches for R. microplus tick controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils merit further investigation as components of alternative approaches for R. microplus tick control.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend further investigation of garlic oil for tick control.
- Taxon
- R. microplusRhipicephalus micropluse0
- Treatment
- garlic essential oilse0
- Outcome
- further investigation as components of alternative approaches for R. microplus tick controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results suggest that Mexican oregano and garlic essential oils merit further investigation as components of alternative approaches for R. microplus tick control.”