Abstract
Abstract A water culture pot experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of N application during the ripening period (RP) on photosynthesis, dry matter production, and its impact on grain ripening and yield in two semidwarf indica type varieties viz. Gui Zhao 2 (GZ) and BR3 (BR) compared with a japonica type variety Koganemasari (KO) under four N rates viz. 0 (N0), 10 (N10), 20 (N20), and 40 (N40) mg L−1. Results showed that N application enabled to maintain a higher leaf area and delay leaf senescence in both indica and japonica type varieties but the decrease in the rate, of leaf area was higher in the former than in the latter and the rate was reduced with increasing N rates. Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values of N treated plants were higher throughout the RP, showing the presence of a significant correlation either for each variety or all the varieties together. Higher photosynthetic rate was supported by higher leaf chlorophyll (SPAD value basis) content, stomatai conductance, and N concentration in leaf blades. Top dry matter content increased with increasing N rates mainly due to mean leaf area rather than NAR except for BR during RP but it was higher in KO than in GZ and BR. Reduction of shoot weight due to translocation of dry matter to panicles during RP was suppressed by N rates both in GZ and BR while shoot weight increased in the N-treated plants in KO. The dependency of KO on current photosynthates for panicle weight was found to be almost hundred percent while the contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weight in GZ and BR was in the range of 4-27 and 33-54%, respectively and the rest was contributed by current photosynthates. The percentage increased with increasing N rates. Percentage of ripened grains (PRG) increased with increasing N rates in GZ and BR due to the increase in dry matter production and in the photosynthetic rates of apex leaves, despite the larger spikelet number and larger hull size. However, KO showed almost no variation although it had the highest PRG among the varieties. Brown rice yield followed the same pattern as that of PRG in GZ and BR and the highest yield was produced by BR followed by GZ and KO. These results suggest that N application during RP was more effective in increasing yield in the semidwarf indica type varieties than in the japonica type variety.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
N application maintained a higher leaf area and delayed leaf senescence in indica and japonica rice.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- N applicatione1
- Outcome
- leaf areae1
- Direction
- highere1
- Qualifier
- delay leaf senescencee1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e1“N application enabled to maintain a higher leaf area and delay leaf senescence in both indica and japonica type varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values were higher in N-treated rice throughout ripening.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N treated plantse3
- Outcome
- Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD valuese3
- Direction
- highere3
- Qualifier
- throughout the RPe3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e3“Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values of N treated plants were higher throughout the RP, showing the presence of a significant correlation either for each variety or all the varieties together”
Claim · model-written summary
Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values were significantly correlated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- Flag leafe3
- Outcome
- Flag leaf photosynthesise3
- Qualifier
- a significant correlatione3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e3“Flag leaf photosynthesis and SPAD values of N treated plants were higher throughout the RP, showing the presence of a significant correlation either for each variety or all the varieties together”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher photosynthetic rate was associated with higher leaf chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and leaf N concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- chlorophylle4
- Outcome
- photosynthetic ratee4
- Direction
- Highere4
- Qualifier
- stomatai conductance, and N concentration in leaf bladese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e4“Higher photosynthetic rate was supported by higher leaf chlorophyll (SPAD value basis) content, stomatai conductance, and N concentration in leaf blades”
Claim · model-written summary
Top dry matter content increased with increasing N rates, mainly due to mean leaf area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese5
- Outcome
- Top dry matter contente5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- mainly due to mean leaf area rather than NAR except for BR during RPe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e5“Top dry matter content increased with increasing N rates mainly due to mean leaf area rather than NAR except for BR during RP but it was higher in KO than in GZ and BR”
Claim · model-written summary
Top dry matter content was higher in KO than in GZ and BR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KOe5
- Outcome
- Top dry matter contente5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- GZ and BRe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e5“Top dry matter content increased with increasing N rates mainly due to mean leaf area rather than NAR except for BR during RP but it was higher in KO than in GZ and BR”
Claim · model-written summary
N rates suppressed the reduction of shoot weight during ripening in GZ and BR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- GZ and BRe6
- Treatment
- N ratese6
- Outcome
- Reduction of shoot weighte6
- Direction
- suppressede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e6“Reduction of shoot weight due to translocation of dry matter to panicles during RP was suppressed by N rates both in GZ and BR while shoot weight increased in the N-treated plants in KO”
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot weight increased in N-treated KO rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KOe6
- Treatment
- N-treated plantse6
- Outcome
- shoot weighte6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e6“Reduction of shoot weight due to translocation of dry matter to panicles during RP was suppressed by N rates both in GZ and BR while shoot weight increased in the N-treated plants in KO”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle weight of KO depended almost entirely (almost hundred percent) on current photosynthates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KOe7
- Outcome
- dependency of KO on current photosynthatese7
- Value
- almost hundred percente7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e7“The dependency of KO on current photosynthates for panicle weight was found to be almost hundred percent while the contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weight in GZ and BR was in the range of 4-27 and 33-54%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored shoot carbohydrates contributed 4-27 percent of panicle weight in GZ before heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- GZe7
- Outcome
- contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weighte7
- Value
- 4-27e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e7“The dependency of KO on current photosynthates for panicle weight was found to be almost hundred percent while the contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weight in GZ and BR was in the range of 4-27 and 33-54%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Stored shoot carbohydrates contributed 33-54% of panicle weight in BR before heading.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- BRe7
- Outcome
- contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weighte7
- Value
- 33-54%e7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e7“The dependency of KO on current photosynthates for panicle weight was found to be almost hundred percent while the contribution of stored carbohydrates in shoot before heading to panicle weight in GZ and BR was in the range of 4-27 and 33-54%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
The contribution of stored carbohydrates increased with increasing N rates.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese4
- Outcome
- percentagee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e4“The percentage increased with increasing N rates”
Claim · model-written summary
PRG increased with increasing N rates in GZ and BR, due to higher dry matter production and apex-leaf photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- GZ and BRe5
- Treatment
- increasing N ratese5
- Outcome
- Percentage of ripened grains (PRG)e5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Qualifier
- due to the increase in dry matter production and in the photosynthetic rates of apex leavese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e5“Percentage of ripened grains (PRG) increased with increasing N rates in GZ and BR due to the increase in dry matter production and in the photosynthetic rates of apex leaves, despite the larger spikelet number and larger hull size”
Claim · model-written summary
Spikelet number was larger under N application, despite a larger hull size.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- spikelet numbere5
- Direction
- largere5
- Qualifier
- larger hull sizee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e5“Percentage of ripened grains (PRG) increased with increasing N rates in GZ and BR due to the increase in dry matter production and in the photosynthetic rates of apex leaves, despite the larger spikelet number and larger hull size”
Claim · model-written summary
KO had the highest PRG among the varieties, with almost no variation in response.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e6“However, KO showed almost no variation although it had the highest PRG among the varieties”
Claim · model-written summary
Brown rice yield followed the same pattern as PRG in GZ and BR.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- GZ and BRe7
- Outcome
- Brown rice yielde7
- Qualifier
- followed the same pattern as that of PRGe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e7“Brown rice yield followed the same pattern as that of PRG in GZ and BR and the highest yield was produced by BR followed by GZ and KO”
Claim · model-written summary
BR gave the highest brown rice yield, followed by GZ and KO.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e7“Brown rice yield followed the same pattern as that of PRG in GZ and BR and the highest yield was produced by BR followed by GZ and KO”
Claim · model-written summary
N application during ripening was more effective in increasing yield in semidwarf indica than in japonica rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- semidwarf indica type varietiese0
- Treatment
- N application during RPe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- more effective in increasinge0
- Comparator
- the japonica type varietye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“semidwarf iniica rice varieties”
e0“These results suggest that N application during RP was more effective in increasing yield in the semidwarf indica type varieties than in the japonica type variety”
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- negative
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See all 511 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.