Abstract
In order to clarify the mechanism of the growth of an apple shoot, the authors aseptically cultured shoot apices (about 0.5mm in length) on an agar medium con taining Murashige and Skoog′s inorganic and organic substances. The effect of growth regulators and sucrose on the growth of the shoot apex was investigated. The results are summarized as follows.1. The effect of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was not observed in the differ entiation and elongation of leaves, and the growth of the shoot apex was inhibited by high concentration of NAA.2. The differentiation and elongation of leaves was enhanced on a culture medi um with N6-benzyladenine(BA), whereas the length and number of leaves increased according to the increase in BA concentrations within a range of 0.01 to 10μM. The apical shoots cultured on a medium with BA continued growing for six weeks. The number of leaves differentiating at 10μM BA was three fold, and the length of the longest leaf was seven fold as large as those of control respectively.3. Gibberellic acid (GA) had no effect on the internode elongation, but enhanced the differentiation and elongation of leaves. However the effectiveness of GA became stronger with the increase in concentration within a range of 0.01 to 0.1μM, and was observed slightly at above 0.1μM. But the differentiation and elongation of leaves was not enhanced by prolonging the culture period beyond four weeks. Therefore, it seemed that GA affects the growth of shoot apices within four weeks.4. In treatment of BA combined with NAA, the effectiveness of BA on the differentiation and elongation of leaves was observed at higher concentrations of NAA, suggesting that the effect of NAA was antagonistic to that of BA.5. No callus formation was obtained on a media containing NAA, BA or GA alone, but under treatment of both BA and NAA callus formation was observed remarkably. The induction and growth of callus increased with the increase of concentrations of both NAA and BA.6. The differentiation and elongation of leaves was inhibited by decreasing the sucrose concentration regardless of BA concentration. It is considered that sucrose is a limiting factor of the differentiation and elongation of leaves.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
NAA showed no effect on the differentiation and elongation of apple leaves in culture.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)e0
- Outcome
- elongation of leavese0
- Direction
- was not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e0“The effect of α-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was not observed in the differ entiation and elongation of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
High NAA concentration inhibited growth of the apple shoot apex.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- high concentration of NAAe1
- Outcome
- growth of the shoot apexe1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“the growth of the shoot apex was inhibited by high concentration of NAA”
Claim · model-written summary
N6-benzyladenine (BA) enhanced the differentiation and elongation of apple leaves in culture.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- N6-benzyladenine(BA)e3
- Outcome
- differentiation and elongation of leavese2
- Direction
- enhancede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e2“The differentiation and elongation of leaves was enhanced on a culture”
e3“with N6-benzyladenine(BA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Length and number of apple leaves increased with BA concentration within 0.01 to 10 μM.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BA concentrationse4
- Outcome
- length and number of leavese4
- Direction
- increasede4
- Qualifier
- within a range of 0.01 to 10e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e4“the length and number of leaves increased according to the increase in BA concentrations within a range of 0.01 to 10”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10μM BA the number of differentiating leaves was three fold that of the control.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 10μM BAe5
- Outcome
- number of leaves differentiatinge5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- three folde5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e5“The number of leaves differentiating at 10μM BA was three fold, and the length of the longest leaf was seven fold as large as those of control”
Claim · model-written summary
At 10μM BA the length of the longest leaf was seven fold that of the control.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 10μM BAe5
- Outcome
- length of the longest leafe5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Value
- seven folde5
- Comparator
- controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e5“The number of leaves differentiating at 10μM BA was three fold, and the length of the longest leaf was seven fold as large as those of control”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid had no effect on internode elongation of apple shoots in culture.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acid (GA)e6
- Outcome
- internode elongatione6
- Direction
- had no effecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e6“Gibberellic acid (GA) had no effect on the internode elongation”
Claim · model-written summary
Gibberellic acid enhanced the differentiation and elongation of apple leaves in culture.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Gibberellic acid (GA)e6
- Outcome
- differentiation and elongation of leavese7
- Direction
- enhancede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e6“Gibberellic acid (GA) had no effect on the internode elongation”
e7“but enhanced the differentiation and elongation of leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
The effectiveness of GA on apple leaves became stronger with increasing concentration within 0.01 to 0.1μM.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- increase in concentratione1
- Outcome
- effectiveness of GAe1
- Direction
- became strongere1
- Qualifier
- within a range of 0.01 to 0.1μMe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“the effectiveness of GA became stronger with the increase in concentration within a range of 0.01 to 0.1μM, and was observed slightly at above 0.1μM”
Claim · model-written summary
Prolonging the culture period beyond four weeks did not further enhance leaf differentiation and elongation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- prolonging the culture period beyond four weekse1
- Outcome
- differentiation and elongation of leavese1
- Direction
- was not enhancede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“differentiation and elongation of leaves was not enhanced by prolonging the culture period beyond four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
GA seemed to affect shoot apex growth within four weeks of culture.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- GAe1
- Outcome
- growth of shoot apicese1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“Therefore, it seemed that GA affects the growth of shoot apices within four weeks”
Claim · model-written summary
The effectiveness of BA on leaf differentiation and elongation was observed at higher NAA concentrations.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- BA combined with NAAe1
- Outcome
- effectiveness of BAe1
- Qualifier
- at higher concentrations of NAAe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“In treatment of BA combined with NAA, the effectiveness of BA on the differentiation and elongation of leaves was observed at higher concentrations of NAA, suggesting that the effect of NAA was antagonistic to that of BA”
Claim · model-written summary
NAA appeared antagonistic to BA in its effect on apple leaf differentiation and elongation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- NAAe1
- Outcome
- effect of NAAe1
- Direction
- antagonistice1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“In treatment of BA combined with NAA, the effectiveness of BA on the differentiation and elongation of leaves was observed at higher concentrations of NAA, suggesting that the effect of NAA was antagonistic to that of BA”
Claim · model-written summary
No callus formed on apple shoots cultured on media with NAA, BA or GA alone.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- NAA, BA or GA alonee1
- Outcome
- No callus formatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“No callus formation was obtained on a media containing NAA, BA or GA alone”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus formed on apple shoots under combined BA and NAA treatment.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- both BA and NAAe1
- Outcome
- callus formatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“under treatment of both BA and NAA callus formation was observed remarkably”
Claim · model-written summary
Callus induction and growth increased with increasing concentrations of NAA and BA.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- concentrations of both NAA and BAe1
- Outcome
- induction and growth of calluse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“The induction and growth of callus increased with the increase of concentrations of both NAA and BA”
Claim · model-written summary
Decreasing sucrose concentration inhibited leaf differentiation and elongation regardless of BA concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- decreasing the sucrose concentratione1
- Outcome
- differentiation and elongation of leavese1
- Direction
- inhibitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“differentiation and elongation of leaves was inhibited by decreasing the sucrose concentration regardless of BA concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Sucrose is considered a limiting factor of leaf differentiation and elongation.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Compound
- sucrosee1
- Outcome
- differentiation and elongation of leavese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Apical Shoot”
e1“It is considered that sucrose is a limiting factor of the differentiation and elongation of leaves”
The same questions in other papers
Gibberellic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
29 papers more in this group
See all 33 papers →1-naphthaleneacetic acid · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
11 papers in the same direction as this paper · 31 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →N-benzyladenine · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Results differ
39 papers in the same direction as this paper · 17 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
53 papers more in this group
See all 57 papers →sucrose · growth · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 12 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.